Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Contradictions Under Urbanization

Clarifying the driving mechanisms of ecosystem service (ES) supply and demand under urbanization is of significant importance for urban ecological planning and management. However, how the balance of ES supply and demand and its driving mechanisms vary with the degree of urbanization has been little...

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Main Authors: Hengkang Zhao, Xinyu Zhang, Wenqi Lu, Chenlin Wei, Dan He, Yakai Lei, Klaudia Borowiak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1884
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author Hengkang Zhao
Xinyu Zhang
Wenqi Lu
Chenlin Wei
Dan He
Yakai Lei
Klaudia Borowiak
author_facet Hengkang Zhao
Xinyu Zhang
Wenqi Lu
Chenlin Wei
Dan He
Yakai Lei
Klaudia Borowiak
author_sort Hengkang Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Clarifying the driving mechanisms of ecosystem service (ES) supply and demand under urbanization is of significant importance for urban ecological planning and management. However, how the balance of ES supply and demand and its driving mechanisms vary with the degree of urbanization has been little studied. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes and the correlations between ES supply and demand and the degree of urbanization in the Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area (ZZMA) from 2000 to 2020 and further explored the driving mechanisms behind these changes. The results showed that, (1) between 2000 and 2020, the ZZMA experienced a deficit in comprehensive ES supply and demand, and regions with rapid urbanization development were more likely to trigger imbalances in ES supply and demand; (2) the spatial mismatch between low–high ES supply and demand was primarily distributed in the built-up areas of various cities, while the high–low spatial mismatch was mostly found in forest and grassland areas; (3) the comprehensive urbanization level of the ZZMA was spatially negatively correlated with the ratio of ES supply and demand. Regions with lower ES balance were more susceptible to disturbances caused by urbanization; (4) population density was the key factor influencing the supply and demand of carbon sequestration, oxygen release, water conservation, and food provision services, while the proportions of forest land and construction areas had the greatest influence on the supply and demand of air purification and leisure services. It is important to ensure the ecological status of the northwestern, southwestern, and central mountainous and forested areas; maintain the agricultural status of the main grain-producing areas in the eastern plains; strengthen ecological restoration and green infrastructure in built-up areas; and formulate differentiated management policies to promote the sustainable supply of ES and safeguard the ecological security of the region.
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spelling doaj-art-c9d75f89096c4e8d9a6e9b67a602e3d22025-08-20T02:04:58ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2024-11-011311188410.3390/land13111884Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Contradictions Under UrbanizationHengkang Zhao0Xinyu Zhang1Wenqi Lu2Chenlin Wei3Dan He4Yakai Lei5Klaudia Borowiak6College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649 Poznań, PolandClarifying the driving mechanisms of ecosystem service (ES) supply and demand under urbanization is of significant importance for urban ecological planning and management. However, how the balance of ES supply and demand and its driving mechanisms vary with the degree of urbanization has been little studied. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes and the correlations between ES supply and demand and the degree of urbanization in the Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area (ZZMA) from 2000 to 2020 and further explored the driving mechanisms behind these changes. The results showed that, (1) between 2000 and 2020, the ZZMA experienced a deficit in comprehensive ES supply and demand, and regions with rapid urbanization development were more likely to trigger imbalances in ES supply and demand; (2) the spatial mismatch between low–high ES supply and demand was primarily distributed in the built-up areas of various cities, while the high–low spatial mismatch was mostly found in forest and grassland areas; (3) the comprehensive urbanization level of the ZZMA was spatially negatively correlated with the ratio of ES supply and demand. Regions with lower ES balance were more susceptible to disturbances caused by urbanization; (4) population density was the key factor influencing the supply and demand of carbon sequestration, oxygen release, water conservation, and food provision services, while the proportions of forest land and construction areas had the greatest influence on the supply and demand of air purification and leisure services. It is important to ensure the ecological status of the northwestern, southwestern, and central mountainous and forested areas; maintain the agricultural status of the main grain-producing areas in the eastern plains; strengthen ecological restoration and green infrastructure in built-up areas; and formulate differentiated management policies to promote the sustainable supply of ES and safeguard the ecological security of the region.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1884urbanizationecosystem services supply and demandspatial correlationdriving factorsZhengzhou Metropolitan Area
spellingShingle Hengkang Zhao
Xinyu Zhang
Wenqi Lu
Chenlin Wei
Dan He
Yakai Lei
Klaudia Borowiak
Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Contradictions Under Urbanization
Land
urbanization
ecosystem services supply and demand
spatial correlation
driving factors
Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area
title Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Contradictions Under Urbanization
title_full Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Contradictions Under Urbanization
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Contradictions Under Urbanization
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Contradictions Under Urbanization
title_short Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Contradictions Under Urbanization
title_sort spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of ecosystem service supply demand contradictions under urbanization
topic urbanization
ecosystem services supply and demand
spatial correlation
driving factors
Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1884
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AT wenqilu spatiotemporalchangesanddrivingmechanismsofecosystemservicesupplydemandcontradictionsunderurbanization
AT chenlinwei spatiotemporalchangesanddrivingmechanismsofecosystemservicesupplydemandcontradictionsunderurbanization
AT danhe spatiotemporalchangesanddrivingmechanismsofecosystemservicesupplydemandcontradictionsunderurbanization
AT yakailei spatiotemporalchangesanddrivingmechanismsofecosystemservicesupplydemandcontradictionsunderurbanization
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