The Bacterial Type III Secretion System as a Broadly Applied Protein Delivery Tool in Biological Sciences
The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a nano-machine that allows Gram-negative bacteria to alter eukaryotic host biology by directly delivering effector proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm. Protein delivery based on the bacterial T3SS has been widely used in research in biology. This review expl...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Liyu Jia Lihua Zhu |
| author_facet | Liyu Jia Lihua Zhu |
| author_sort | Liyu Jia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a nano-machine that allows Gram-negative bacteria to alter eukaryotic host biology by directly delivering effector proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm. Protein delivery based on the bacterial T3SS has been widely used in research in biology. This review explores recent advancements in the structure and function of the T3SS. We explore the molecular underpinnings of the T3SS apparatus, which spans bacterial and host cell membranes, and discuss the intricate transport mechanisms of effector proteins. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the innovative applications of the T3SS in crop biology, where it has been leveraged to study plant–pathogen interactions. By summarizing the current knowledge and recent progress, we underscore the potential of the T3SS as a powerful tool in biological sciences and their implications for future research in plant pathology and agricultural biotechnology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c97ddb888b4f4b1793b0b34bee240e3a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-c97ddb888b4f4b1793b0b34bee240e3a2025-01-24T13:42:32ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-011317510.3390/microorganisms13010075The Bacterial Type III Secretion System as a Broadly Applied Protein Delivery Tool in Biological SciencesLiyu Jia0Lihua Zhu1College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaThe type III secretion system (T3SS) is a nano-machine that allows Gram-negative bacteria to alter eukaryotic host biology by directly delivering effector proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm. Protein delivery based on the bacterial T3SS has been widely used in research in biology. This review explores recent advancements in the structure and function of the T3SS. We explore the molecular underpinnings of the T3SS apparatus, which spans bacterial and host cell membranes, and discuss the intricate transport mechanisms of effector proteins. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the innovative applications of the T3SS in crop biology, where it has been leveraged to study plant–pathogen interactions. By summarizing the current knowledge and recent progress, we underscore the potential of the T3SS as a powerful tool in biological sciences and their implications for future research in plant pathology and agricultural biotechnology.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/75type III secretion system (T3SS)protein secretioncrop applicationshypersensitive responseeffector protein translocation |
| spellingShingle | Liyu Jia Lihua Zhu The Bacterial Type III Secretion System as a Broadly Applied Protein Delivery Tool in Biological Sciences Microorganisms type III secretion system (T3SS) protein secretion crop applications hypersensitive response effector protein translocation |
| title | The Bacterial Type III Secretion System as a Broadly Applied Protein Delivery Tool in Biological Sciences |
| title_full | The Bacterial Type III Secretion System as a Broadly Applied Protein Delivery Tool in Biological Sciences |
| title_fullStr | The Bacterial Type III Secretion System as a Broadly Applied Protein Delivery Tool in Biological Sciences |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Bacterial Type III Secretion System as a Broadly Applied Protein Delivery Tool in Biological Sciences |
| title_short | The Bacterial Type III Secretion System as a Broadly Applied Protein Delivery Tool in Biological Sciences |
| title_sort | bacterial type iii secretion system as a broadly applied protein delivery tool in biological sciences |
| topic | type III secretion system (T3SS) protein secretion crop applications hypersensitive response effector protein translocation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/75 |
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