Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars
Gaia astrometry of nearby stars is precise enough to detect the tiny displacements induced by substellar companions, but radial velocity (RV) data are needed for definitive confirmation. Here we present RV follow-up observations of 28 M and K stars with candidate astrometric substellar companions, w...
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| author | Gudmundur Stefánsson Suvrath Mahadevan Joshua N. Winn Marcus L. Marcussen Shubham Kanodia Simon Albrecht Evan Fitzmaurice Onė Mikulskytė Caleb I. Cañas Juan I. Espinoza-Retamal Yiri Zwart Daniel M. Krolikowski Andrew Hotnisky Paul Robertson Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes Chad F. Bender Cullen H. Blake J. R. Callingham William D. Cochran Megan Delamer Scott A. Diddams Jiayin Dong Rachel B. Fernandes Mark R. Giovinazzi Samuel Halverson Jessica Libby-Roberts Sarah E. Logsdon Michael W. McElwain Joe P. Ninan Jayadev Rajagopal Varghese Reji Arpita Roy Christian Schwab Jason T. Wright |
| author_facet | Gudmundur Stefánsson Suvrath Mahadevan Joshua N. Winn Marcus L. Marcussen Shubham Kanodia Simon Albrecht Evan Fitzmaurice Onė Mikulskytė Caleb I. Cañas Juan I. Espinoza-Retamal Yiri Zwart Daniel M. Krolikowski Andrew Hotnisky Paul Robertson Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes Chad F. Bender Cullen H. Blake J. R. Callingham William D. Cochran Megan Delamer Scott A. Diddams Jiayin Dong Rachel B. Fernandes Mark R. Giovinazzi Samuel Halverson Jessica Libby-Roberts Sarah E. Logsdon Michael W. McElwain Joe P. Ninan Jayadev Rajagopal Varghese Reji Arpita Roy Christian Schwab Jason T. Wright |
| author_sort | Gudmundur Stefánsson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gaia astrometry of nearby stars is precise enough to detect the tiny displacements induced by substellar companions, but radial velocity (RV) data are needed for definitive confirmation. Here we present RV follow-up observations of 28 M and K stars with candidate astrometric substellar companions, which led to the confirmation of two systems, Gaia-4b and Gaia-5b, identification of five systems that are single lined but require additional data to confirm as substellar companions, and the refutation of 21 systems as stellar binaries. Gaia-4b is a massive planet ( M = 11.8 ± 0.7 M _J ) in a P = 571.3 ± 1.4 day orbit with a projected semimajor axis a _0 = 0.312 ± 0.040 mas orbiting a 0.644 ± 0.02 M _⊙ star. Gaia-5b is a brown dwarf ( M = 20.9 ± 0.5 M _J ) in a P = 358.62 ± 0.20 days eccentric e = 0.6423 ± 0.0026 orbit with a projected angular semimajor axis of a _0 = 0.947 ± 0.038 mas around a 0.34 ± 0.03 M _⊙ star. Gaia-4b is one of the first exoplanets discovered via the astrometric technique, and is one of the most massive planets known to orbit a low-mass star. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c95a0f7d662a42fdb00d82891a6e41032025-02-04T14:24:02ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812025-01-01169210710.3847/1538-3881/ada9e1Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass StarsGudmundur Stefánsson0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-5688Suvrath Mahadevan1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-7983Joshua N. Winn2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4265-047XMarcus L. Marcussen3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-0689Shubham Kanodia4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-4300Simon Albrecht5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1762-8235Evan Fitzmaurice6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-9699Onė Mikulskytė7Caleb I. Cañas8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-0619Juan I. Espinoza-Retamal9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-8526Yiri Zwart10https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3972-0775Daniel M. Krolikowski11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9626-0613Andrew Hotnisky12https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1825-4306Paul Robertson13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-9678Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-9741Chad F. Bender15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4384-7220Cullen H. Blake16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-1749J. R. Callingham17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-1819William D. Cochran18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-3496Megan Delamer19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-2781Scott A. Diddams20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-0764Jiayin Dong21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-6953Rachel B. Fernandes22https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-7327Mark R. Giovinazzi23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-5288Samuel Halverson24https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-9391Jessica Libby-Roberts25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-7613Sarah E. Logsdon26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-9382Michael W. McElwain27https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-8956Joe P. Ninan28https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-5612Jayadev Rajagopal29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-7123Varghese Reji30https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7298-619XArpita Roy31https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-5775Christian Schwab32https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-987XJason T. Wright33https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6160-5888Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Astrobiology Research Center, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USAStellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkEarth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, WA, DC 20015, USAStellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USAAnton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsNASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAAnton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Instituto de Astrofísica , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute for Astrophysics , Santiago, ChileAnton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsSteward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USASchool of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; The Macquarie University Astrophysics and Space Technologies Research Centre, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaSteward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , 209 S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USALeiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands; ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy , Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, Dwingeloo, 7991 PD, The NetherlandsMcDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USAElectrical Computer and Energy Engineering, UCB 425, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physics, 390 UCB, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics , Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy , Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory , California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USANSF National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAExoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, IndiaNSF National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, IndiaAstrophysics & Space Institute , Schmidt Sciences, NY 10011, USASchool of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USAGaia astrometry of nearby stars is precise enough to detect the tiny displacements induced by substellar companions, but radial velocity (RV) data are needed for definitive confirmation. Here we present RV follow-up observations of 28 M and K stars with candidate astrometric substellar companions, which led to the confirmation of two systems, Gaia-4b and Gaia-5b, identification of five systems that are single lined but require additional data to confirm as substellar companions, and the refutation of 21 systems as stellar binaries. Gaia-4b is a massive planet ( M = 11.8 ± 0.7 M _J ) in a P = 571.3 ± 1.4 day orbit with a projected semimajor axis a _0 = 0.312 ± 0.040 mas orbiting a 0.644 ± 0.02 M _⊙ star. Gaia-5b is a brown dwarf ( M = 20.9 ± 0.5 M _J ) in a P = 358.62 ± 0.20 days eccentric e = 0.6423 ± 0.0026 orbit with a projected angular semimajor axis of a _0 = 0.947 ± 0.038 mas around a 0.34 ± 0.03 M _⊙ star. Gaia-4b is one of the first exoplanets discovered via the astrometric technique, and is one of the most massive planets known to orbit a low-mass star.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ada9e1Astrometric exoplanet detectionExoplanet detection methodsAstrometryRadial velocityExoplanetsExoplanet systems |
| spellingShingle | Gudmundur Stefánsson Suvrath Mahadevan Joshua N. Winn Marcus L. Marcussen Shubham Kanodia Simon Albrecht Evan Fitzmaurice Onė Mikulskytė Caleb I. Cañas Juan I. Espinoza-Retamal Yiri Zwart Daniel M. Krolikowski Andrew Hotnisky Paul Robertson Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes Chad F. Bender Cullen H. Blake J. R. Callingham William D. Cochran Megan Delamer Scott A. Diddams Jiayin Dong Rachel B. Fernandes Mark R. Giovinazzi Samuel Halverson Jessica Libby-Roberts Sarah E. Logsdon Michael W. McElwain Joe P. Ninan Jayadev Rajagopal Varghese Reji Arpita Roy Christian Schwab Jason T. Wright Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars The Astronomical Journal Astrometric exoplanet detection Exoplanet detection methods Astrometry Radial velocity Exoplanets Exoplanet systems |
| title | Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars |
| title_full | Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars |
| title_fullStr | Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars |
| title_short | Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars |
| title_sort | gaia 4b and 5b radial velocity confirmation of gaia astrometric orbital solutions reveal a massive planet and a brown dwarf orbiting low mass stars |
| topic | Astrometric exoplanet detection Exoplanet detection methods Astrometry Radial velocity Exoplanets Exoplanet systems |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ada9e1 |
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