Maternal–Foetal Effects of Exposure to Bisphenol A: Outcomes and Long-Term Consequences
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most widely produced plasticisers, can have a major effect on the growing embryo and the mother during pregnancy; as this is the most vulnerable period, the cutoff established in the legislation does not take this factor into account. Thus, this narrative re...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Henrique Eloi Costa Ines Medeiros Melissa Mariana Elisa Cairrao |
| author_facet | Henrique Eloi Costa Ines Medeiros Melissa Mariana Elisa Cairrao |
| author_sort | Henrique Eloi Costa |
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| description | Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most widely produced plasticisers, can have a major effect on the growing embryo and the mother during pregnancy; as this is the most vulnerable period, the cutoff established in the legislation does not take this factor into account. Thus, this narrative review aims to highlight the consequences for the foetus and the pregnant woman of maternal and foetal exposure to BPA by analysing epidemiological and experimental studies on humans. Extensive research has examined the effects of BPA on several systems outcomes. Specifically, BPA exposure affects the immune system of the offspring and promotes the development of respiratory diseases, including asthma and wheezing. Moreover, BPA has been negatively associated with children’s neurodevelopment, leading to behavioural changes; autism; and reproductive changes, mainly deviations in anogenital distance, sexual hormone levels and sexual maturation, which can result in infertility. Furthermore, in mothers, BPA exposure may be linked to pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus and affects birth parameters, leading to a higher risk of preterm delivery, shorter birth lengths and lower birth weights, although the results were not always consistent. These results demonstrate the urgent need for stricter legislation banning the use of BPA during pregnancy to reduce the hazards to the health and development of the foetus and the unborn child. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c90809834a474ff2bc6020cf26736207 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-c90809834a474ff2bc6020cf267362072025-01-24T13:20:30ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115269710.3390/app15020697Maternal–Foetal Effects of Exposure to Bisphenol A: Outcomes and Long-Term ConsequencesHenrique Eloi Costa0Ines Medeiros1Melissa Mariana2Elisa Cairrao3CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, PortugalFCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, PortugalCICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, PortugalCICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, PortugalExposure to bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most widely produced plasticisers, can have a major effect on the growing embryo and the mother during pregnancy; as this is the most vulnerable period, the cutoff established in the legislation does not take this factor into account. Thus, this narrative review aims to highlight the consequences for the foetus and the pregnant woman of maternal and foetal exposure to BPA by analysing epidemiological and experimental studies on humans. Extensive research has examined the effects of BPA on several systems outcomes. Specifically, BPA exposure affects the immune system of the offspring and promotes the development of respiratory diseases, including asthma and wheezing. Moreover, BPA has been negatively associated with children’s neurodevelopment, leading to behavioural changes; autism; and reproductive changes, mainly deviations in anogenital distance, sexual hormone levels and sexual maturation, which can result in infertility. Furthermore, in mothers, BPA exposure may be linked to pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus and affects birth parameters, leading to a higher risk of preterm delivery, shorter birth lengths and lower birth weights, although the results were not always consistent. These results demonstrate the urgent need for stricter legislation banning the use of BPA during pregnancy to reduce the hazards to the health and development of the foetus and the unborn child.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/697BPAplastic contaminantsendocrine disruptormaternal effectsprenatal exposurefoetal effects |
| spellingShingle | Henrique Eloi Costa Ines Medeiros Melissa Mariana Elisa Cairrao Maternal–Foetal Effects of Exposure to Bisphenol A: Outcomes and Long-Term Consequences Applied Sciences BPA plastic contaminants endocrine disruptor maternal effects prenatal exposure foetal effects |
| title | Maternal–Foetal Effects of Exposure to Bisphenol A: Outcomes and Long-Term Consequences |
| title_full | Maternal–Foetal Effects of Exposure to Bisphenol A: Outcomes and Long-Term Consequences |
| title_fullStr | Maternal–Foetal Effects of Exposure to Bisphenol A: Outcomes and Long-Term Consequences |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maternal–Foetal Effects of Exposure to Bisphenol A: Outcomes and Long-Term Consequences |
| title_short | Maternal–Foetal Effects of Exposure to Bisphenol A: Outcomes and Long-Term Consequences |
| title_sort | maternal foetal effects of exposure to bisphenol a outcomes and long term consequences |
| topic | BPA plastic contaminants endocrine disruptor maternal effects prenatal exposure foetal effects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/697 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT henriqueeloicosta maternalfoetaleffectsofexposuretobisphenolaoutcomesandlongtermconsequences AT inesmedeiros maternalfoetaleffectsofexposuretobisphenolaoutcomesandlongtermconsequences AT melissamariana maternalfoetaleffectsofexposuretobisphenolaoutcomesandlongtermconsequences AT elisacairrao maternalfoetaleffectsofexposuretobisphenolaoutcomesandlongtermconsequences |