Analysis of the prognostic efficacy of syndecan-1 for patients with ACLF and its functional role in liver regeneration

Abstract Background Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation with a high short-term mortality rate. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) can independently predict the 90-day mortality of patients with septic shock. However, the role of SDC-1 in ACLF remains unknown. M...

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Main Authors: Yingli He, Xiaoli Zhang, Yichen Yao, Juan Li, Shan Fu, Yali Feng, Tianzhi Ni, Ruojing Wang, Qiao Zhang, Yushan Liu, Zhijun Liu, Jinfeng Liu, Yuan Yang, Yingren Zhao, Yalei Zhao
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-03931-4
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author Yingli He
Xiaoli Zhang
Yichen Yao
Juan Li
Shan Fu
Yali Feng
Tianzhi Ni
Ruojing Wang
Qiao Zhang
Yushan Liu
Zhijun Liu
Jinfeng Liu
Yuan Yang
Yingren Zhao
Yalei Zhao
author_facet Yingli He
Xiaoli Zhang
Yichen Yao
Juan Li
Shan Fu
Yali Feng
Tianzhi Ni
Ruojing Wang
Qiao Zhang
Yushan Liu
Zhijun Liu
Jinfeng Liu
Yuan Yang
Yingren Zhao
Yalei Zhao
author_sort Yingli He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation with a high short-term mortality rate. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) can independently predict the 90-day mortality of patients with septic shock. However, the role of SDC-1 in ACLF remains unknown. Methods In this study, serum SDC-1 levels were examined in 2 cohorts, which included 174 ACLF patients. And a mouse ACLF model induced by tetrachloride, lipopolysaccharide, and D-galactosamine was established, to evaluate the effects of sulodexide and heparan sulfate (side chains of SDC-1) on ACLF in vivo. Results Baseline serum SDC-1 levels in 101 ACLF patients (847.72, 499.79–1511.37 ng/ml) were significantly higher than in healthy controls (33.58, 27.08–43.34 ng/ml) (P < 0.0001). The baseline SDC-1 levels of patients who died or accepted a liver transplantation within 90 days were markedly higher than those of patients who survived (P < 0.05). A novel prognostic model (UIAS) based on upper gastrointestinal bleeding, INR, age, and SDC-1 was developed. The AUROC of the UIAS score for 28-day deterioration in ACLF patients was 0.884, indicating an obviously greater predictive performance for the outcomes of ACLF than those of the Child‐Pugh (AUROC = 0.646), MELD (AUROC = 0.713), and COSSH‐ACLF II scores (AUROC = 0.713). Moreover, we found that heparan sulfate and sulodexide could increase the expression of SDC-1 and attenuate liver injury, by promoting liver regeneration and inhibiting cell apoptosis through the activation of JAK1/STAT3 signalling. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that SDC-1 represents a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for ACLF and should be further investigated.
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spelling doaj-art-c8ddb5e1255b493fb41ce6c977a712b02025-08-20T02:15:06ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152025-02-0123111710.1186/s12916-025-03931-4Analysis of the prognostic efficacy of syndecan-1 for patients with ACLF and its functional role in liver regenerationYingli He0Xiaoli Zhang1Yichen Yao2Juan Li3Shan Fu4Yali Feng5Tianzhi Ni6Ruojing Wang7Qiao Zhang8Yushan Liu9Zhijun Liu10Jinfeng Liu11Yuan Yang12Yingren Zhao13Yalei Zhao14Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical CollegeAbstract Background Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation with a high short-term mortality rate. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) can independently predict the 90-day mortality of patients with septic shock. However, the role of SDC-1 in ACLF remains unknown. Methods In this study, serum SDC-1 levels were examined in 2 cohorts, which included 174 ACLF patients. And a mouse ACLF model induced by tetrachloride, lipopolysaccharide, and D-galactosamine was established, to evaluate the effects of sulodexide and heparan sulfate (side chains of SDC-1) on ACLF in vivo. Results Baseline serum SDC-1 levels in 101 ACLF patients (847.72, 499.79–1511.37 ng/ml) were significantly higher than in healthy controls (33.58, 27.08–43.34 ng/ml) (P < 0.0001). The baseline SDC-1 levels of patients who died or accepted a liver transplantation within 90 days were markedly higher than those of patients who survived (P < 0.05). A novel prognostic model (UIAS) based on upper gastrointestinal bleeding, INR, age, and SDC-1 was developed. The AUROC of the UIAS score for 28-day deterioration in ACLF patients was 0.884, indicating an obviously greater predictive performance for the outcomes of ACLF than those of the Child‐Pugh (AUROC = 0.646), MELD (AUROC = 0.713), and COSSH‐ACLF II scores (AUROC = 0.713). Moreover, we found that heparan sulfate and sulodexide could increase the expression of SDC-1 and attenuate liver injury, by promoting liver regeneration and inhibiting cell apoptosis through the activation of JAK1/STAT3 signalling. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that SDC-1 represents a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for ACLF and should be further investigated.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-03931-4Acute‐on‐chronic liver failureSyndecan-1Heparan sulfateSulodexideLiver regenerationCell apoptosis
spellingShingle Yingli He
Xiaoli Zhang
Yichen Yao
Juan Li
Shan Fu
Yali Feng
Tianzhi Ni
Ruojing Wang
Qiao Zhang
Yushan Liu
Zhijun Liu
Jinfeng Liu
Yuan Yang
Yingren Zhao
Yalei Zhao
Analysis of the prognostic efficacy of syndecan-1 for patients with ACLF and its functional role in liver regeneration
BMC Medicine
Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Syndecan-1
Heparan sulfate
Sulodexide
Liver regeneration
Cell apoptosis
title Analysis of the prognostic efficacy of syndecan-1 for patients with ACLF and its functional role in liver regeneration
title_full Analysis of the prognostic efficacy of syndecan-1 for patients with ACLF and its functional role in liver regeneration
title_fullStr Analysis of the prognostic efficacy of syndecan-1 for patients with ACLF and its functional role in liver regeneration
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the prognostic efficacy of syndecan-1 for patients with ACLF and its functional role in liver regeneration
title_short Analysis of the prognostic efficacy of syndecan-1 for patients with ACLF and its functional role in liver regeneration
title_sort analysis of the prognostic efficacy of syndecan 1 for patients with aclf and its functional role in liver regeneration
topic Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Syndecan-1
Heparan sulfate
Sulodexide
Liver regeneration
Cell apoptosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-03931-4
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