Semi-Active Suspension Design for an In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Dynamic Vibration-Absorbing Structure and PID-Controlled Magnetorheological Damper
The in-wheel motor (IWM) powertrain layout offers greater design flexibility and higher efficiency of an electric vehicle but has limited commercial success mainly due to the concerns of increased unsprung mass. This paper proposes a semi-active suspension system for in-wheel motors that combines bo...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Kyle Samaroo Abdul Waheed Awan Sheikh Islam |
| author_facet | Kyle Samaroo Abdul Waheed Awan Sheikh Islam |
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| description | The in-wheel motor (IWM) powertrain layout offers greater design flexibility and higher efficiency of an electric vehicle but has limited commercial success mainly due to the concerns of increased unsprung mass. This paper proposes a semi-active suspension system for in-wheel motors that combines both a dynamic vibration-absorbing structure (DVAS) and a PID-controlled MR damper, in order to achieve optimised comfort, handling and IWM vibration for a small car application. Whilst PID control and DVAS are not entirely new concepts, the usage of both optimisation techniques in a semi-active in-wheel motor suspension has seen limited implementation, which makes the current work novel and significant. The semi-active suspension operating both in passive fail-safe mode and full feedback control was compared to a conventional in-wheel motor passive suspension in terms of sprung mass acceleration, displacement, stator acceleration, tyre deflection and suspension travel for three different road profile inputs using MATLAB/Simulink. The implementation of a PID-controlled MR damper improved road comfort and road holding performance and decreased in-wheel motor vibration over the DVAS passive suspension mainly in terms of a maximum peak amplitude decrease of 40%, 35% and 32% for the sprung mass acceleration, tyre deflection and stator acceleration, respectively. The results are significant since they show that the use of a simple, easily implemented control scheme like PID control was able to significantly improve IWM suspension performance when paired with a DVAS. This study provides further confidence to manufacturers to commercially develop and implement the IWM layout as its major disadvantage can be reasonably addressed using a simple readily available control approach. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c8a251443bec49d0a4ff9ed2aff9c8402025-01-24T13:39:15ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022025-01-011314710.3390/machines13010047Semi-Active Suspension Design for an In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Dynamic Vibration-Absorbing Structure and PID-Controlled Magnetorheological DamperKyle Samaroo0Abdul Waheed Awan1Sheikh Islam2Department of Engineering, University of Staffordshire, College Road, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DE, UKDepartment of Engineering, University of Staffordshire, College Road, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DE, UKDepartment of Engineering, University of Staffordshire, College Road, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DE, UKThe in-wheel motor (IWM) powertrain layout offers greater design flexibility and higher efficiency of an electric vehicle but has limited commercial success mainly due to the concerns of increased unsprung mass. This paper proposes a semi-active suspension system for in-wheel motors that combines both a dynamic vibration-absorbing structure (DVAS) and a PID-controlled MR damper, in order to achieve optimised comfort, handling and IWM vibration for a small car application. Whilst PID control and DVAS are not entirely new concepts, the usage of both optimisation techniques in a semi-active in-wheel motor suspension has seen limited implementation, which makes the current work novel and significant. The semi-active suspension operating both in passive fail-safe mode and full feedback control was compared to a conventional in-wheel motor passive suspension in terms of sprung mass acceleration, displacement, stator acceleration, tyre deflection and suspension travel for three different road profile inputs using MATLAB/Simulink. The implementation of a PID-controlled MR damper improved road comfort and road holding performance and decreased in-wheel motor vibration over the DVAS passive suspension mainly in terms of a maximum peak amplitude decrease of 40%, 35% and 32% for the sprung mass acceleration, tyre deflection and stator acceleration, respectively. The results are significant since they show that the use of a simple, easily implemented control scheme like PID control was able to significantly improve IWM suspension performance when paired with a DVAS. This study provides further confidence to manufacturers to commercially develop and implement the IWM layout as its major disadvantage can be reasonably addressed using a simple readily available control approach.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/1/47in-wheel motorsemi-active suspensionDVASPIDBouc-WenMR damper |
| spellingShingle | Kyle Samaroo Abdul Waheed Awan Sheikh Islam Semi-Active Suspension Design for an In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Dynamic Vibration-Absorbing Structure and PID-Controlled Magnetorheological Damper Machines in-wheel motor semi-active suspension DVAS PID Bouc-Wen MR damper |
| title | Semi-Active Suspension Design for an In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Dynamic Vibration-Absorbing Structure and PID-Controlled Magnetorheological Damper |
| title_full | Semi-Active Suspension Design for an In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Dynamic Vibration-Absorbing Structure and PID-Controlled Magnetorheological Damper |
| title_fullStr | Semi-Active Suspension Design for an In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Dynamic Vibration-Absorbing Structure and PID-Controlled Magnetorheological Damper |
| title_full_unstemmed | Semi-Active Suspension Design for an In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Dynamic Vibration-Absorbing Structure and PID-Controlled Magnetorheological Damper |
| title_short | Semi-Active Suspension Design for an In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Dynamic Vibration-Absorbing Structure and PID-Controlled Magnetorheological Damper |
| title_sort | semi active suspension design for an in wheel motor driven electric vehicle using a dynamic vibration absorbing structure and pid controlled magnetorheological damper |
| topic | in-wheel motor semi-active suspension DVAS PID Bouc-Wen MR damper |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/1/47 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kylesamaroo semiactivesuspensiondesignforaninwheelmotordrivenelectricvehicleusingadynamicvibrationabsorbingstructureandpidcontrolledmagnetorheologicaldamper AT abdulwaheedawan semiactivesuspensiondesignforaninwheelmotordrivenelectricvehicleusingadynamicvibrationabsorbingstructureandpidcontrolledmagnetorheologicaldamper AT sheikhislam semiactivesuspensiondesignforaninwheelmotordrivenelectricvehicleusingadynamicvibrationabsorbingstructureandpidcontrolledmagnetorheologicaldamper |