Temperature Sensitivity Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Simulated Climate Change at Growth Stages of Winter Wheat
In recent years, research on farmland soil stability has gained attention due to climate change. Studying the thermal stability of soil enzymes at key crop growth stages in response to increased CO<sub>2</sub>, drought, and warming is critical for evaluating climate change impacts on cro...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Yaokun Jiang Bingbing Lu Meng Liang Yang Wu Yuanze Li Ziwen Zhao Guobin Liu Sha Xue |
| author_facet | Yaokun Jiang Bingbing Lu Meng Liang Yang Wu Yuanze Li Ziwen Zhao Guobin Liu Sha Xue |
| author_sort | Yaokun Jiang |
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| description | In recent years, research on farmland soil stability has gained attention due to climate change. Studying the thermal stability of soil enzymes at key crop growth stages in response to increased CO<sub>2</sub>, drought, and warming is critical for evaluating climate change impacts on crop production and soil ecosystem stability. Despite its importance, research on the thermal stability of soil nutrient cycling enzymes remains limited. A pot experiment was conducted using the soil of winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), one of China’s main grain crops, as the research object. An artificial climate chamber was used to simulate four growth stages of winter wheat (jointing stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage, and maturity stage). Different levels of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (400 and 800 μmol mol<sup>−1</sup>), temperature conditions (current temperature and 4 °C higher), and water conditions (80% and 60% of field water capacity) were set, and their interactions were examined. By analyzing the temperature sensitivity (Q<sub>10</sub>) of soil enzyme activities related to soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) cycles in response to different treatments, the results showed that doubling CO<sub>2</sub> concentration decreased soil C cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> and increased soil N and P cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> significantly. Additionally, soil C cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> decreased with increasing temperature, while other enzymes showed inconsistent responses. Mild drought significantly decreased the soil N-cycling enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in the early growth stage of winter wheat and the soil P-cycling enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in each growth stage, but significantly increased the soil N-cycling enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in the mature stage. The interaction between CO<sub>2</sub> concentration doubling and warming exhibited a single-factor superimposed effect in reducing soil C cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub>. Moreover, doubling CO<sub>2</sub> concentration offset the effect of mild drought stress on soil P cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub>. Above-ground biomass, soil total dissolved nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were identified as the primary factors influencing soil C, N, and P cycling enzyme Q<sub>10</sub>. This study is of great significance in exploring the effects of global warming on food production and the mechanism of soil ecosystem functional stability under future climate change. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c853c87b3c4e4b0fa88d3c1372e3bb86 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c853c87b3c4e4b0fa88d3c1372e3bb862025-01-24T13:16:45ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-01-0115110610.3390/agronomy15010106Temperature Sensitivity Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Simulated Climate Change at Growth Stages of Winter WheatYaokun Jiang0Bingbing Lu1Meng Liang2Yang Wu3Yuanze Li4Ziwen Zhao5Guobin Liu6Sha Xue7The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaThe Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaThe Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, ChinaThe Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, ChinaIn recent years, research on farmland soil stability has gained attention due to climate change. Studying the thermal stability of soil enzymes at key crop growth stages in response to increased CO<sub>2</sub>, drought, and warming is critical for evaluating climate change impacts on crop production and soil ecosystem stability. Despite its importance, research on the thermal stability of soil nutrient cycling enzymes remains limited. A pot experiment was conducted using the soil of winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), one of China’s main grain crops, as the research object. An artificial climate chamber was used to simulate four growth stages of winter wheat (jointing stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage, and maturity stage). Different levels of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (400 and 800 μmol mol<sup>−1</sup>), temperature conditions (current temperature and 4 °C higher), and water conditions (80% and 60% of field water capacity) were set, and their interactions were examined. By analyzing the temperature sensitivity (Q<sub>10</sub>) of soil enzyme activities related to soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) cycles in response to different treatments, the results showed that doubling CO<sub>2</sub> concentration decreased soil C cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> and increased soil N and P cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> significantly. Additionally, soil C cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> decreased with increasing temperature, while other enzymes showed inconsistent responses. Mild drought significantly decreased the soil N-cycling enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in the early growth stage of winter wheat and the soil P-cycling enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in each growth stage, but significantly increased the soil N-cycling enzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in the mature stage. The interaction between CO<sub>2</sub> concentration doubling and warming exhibited a single-factor superimposed effect in reducing soil C cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub>. Moreover, doubling CO<sub>2</sub> concentration offset the effect of mild drought stress on soil P cycle enzyme Q<sub>10</sub>. Above-ground biomass, soil total dissolved nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were identified as the primary factors influencing soil C, N, and P cycling enzyme Q<sub>10</sub>. This study is of great significance in exploring the effects of global warming on food production and the mechanism of soil ecosystem functional stability under future climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/106climate changewinter wheatenzyme activitycrop production |
| spellingShingle | Yaokun Jiang Bingbing Lu Meng Liang Yang Wu Yuanze Li Ziwen Zhao Guobin Liu Sha Xue Temperature Sensitivity Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Simulated Climate Change at Growth Stages of Winter Wheat Agronomy climate change winter wheat enzyme activity crop production |
| title | Temperature Sensitivity Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Simulated Climate Change at Growth Stages of Winter Wheat |
| title_full | Temperature Sensitivity Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Simulated Climate Change at Growth Stages of Winter Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Temperature Sensitivity Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Simulated Climate Change at Growth Stages of Winter Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temperature Sensitivity Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Simulated Climate Change at Growth Stages of Winter Wheat |
| title_short | Temperature Sensitivity Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Simulated Climate Change at Growth Stages of Winter Wheat |
| title_sort | temperature sensitivity response of soil enzyme activity to simulated climate change at growth stages of winter wheat |
| topic | climate change winter wheat enzyme activity crop production |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/106 |
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