Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: A scoping review of current international guidelines.
<h4>Introduction</h4>Cholera remains a frequent cause of outbreaks globally, particularly in areas with inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services. Cholera is spread through faecal-oral routes, and studies demonstrate that ingestion of Vibrio cholerae occurs from consuming...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2020-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226549&type=printable |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832540071446708224 |
|---|---|
| author | Lauren D'Mello-Guyett Karin Gallandat Rafael Van den Bergh Dawn Taylor Gregory Bulit Dominique Legros Peter Maes Francesco Checchi Oliver Cumming |
| author_facet | Lauren D'Mello-Guyett Karin Gallandat Rafael Van den Bergh Dawn Taylor Gregory Bulit Dominique Legros Peter Maes Francesco Checchi Oliver Cumming |
| author_sort | Lauren D'Mello-Guyett |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Introduction</h4>Cholera remains a frequent cause of outbreaks globally, particularly in areas with inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services. Cholera is spread through faecal-oral routes, and studies demonstrate that ingestion of Vibrio cholerae occurs from consuming contaminated food and water, contact with cholera cases and transmission from contaminated environmental point sources. WASH guidelines recommending interventions for the prevention and control of cholera are numerous and vary considerably in their recommendations. To date, there has been no review of practice guidelines used in cholera prevention and control programmes.<h4>Methods</h4>We systematically searched international agency websites to identify WASH intervention guidelines used in cholera programmes in endemic and epidemic settings. Recommendations listed in the guidelines were extracted, categorised and analysed. Analysis was based on consistency, concordance and recommendations were classified on the basis of whether the interventions targeted within-household or community-level transmission.<h4>Results</h4>Eight international guidelines were included in this review: three by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), one from a non-profit organisation (NPO), three from multilateral organisations and one from a research institution. There were 95 distinct recommendations identified, and concordance among guidelines was poor to fair. All categories of WASH interventions were featured in the guidelines. The majority of recommendations targeted community-level transmission (45%), 35% targeted within-household transmission and 20% both.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Recent evidence suggests that interventions for effective cholera control and response to epidemics should focus on case-centred approaches and within-household transmission. Guidelines did consistently propose interventions targeting transmission within households. However, the majority of recommendations listed in guidelines targeted community-level transmission and tended to be more focused on preventing contamination of the environment by cases or recurrent outbreaks, and the level of service required to interrupt community-level transmission was often not specified. The guidelines in current use were varied and interpretation may be difficult when conflicting recommendations are provided. Future editions of guidelines should reflect on the inclusion of evidence-based approaches, cholera transmission models and resource-efficient strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c820e928fdfc4606930c6de08a6d1a86 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-c820e928fdfc4606930c6de08a6d1a862025-02-05T05:33:04ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01151e022654910.1371/journal.pone.0226549Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: A scoping review of current international guidelines.Lauren D'Mello-GuyettKarin GallandatRafael Van den BerghDawn TaylorGregory BulitDominique LegrosPeter MaesFrancesco ChecchiOliver Cumming<h4>Introduction</h4>Cholera remains a frequent cause of outbreaks globally, particularly in areas with inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services. Cholera is spread through faecal-oral routes, and studies demonstrate that ingestion of Vibrio cholerae occurs from consuming contaminated food and water, contact with cholera cases and transmission from contaminated environmental point sources. WASH guidelines recommending interventions for the prevention and control of cholera are numerous and vary considerably in their recommendations. To date, there has been no review of practice guidelines used in cholera prevention and control programmes.<h4>Methods</h4>We systematically searched international agency websites to identify WASH intervention guidelines used in cholera programmes in endemic and epidemic settings. Recommendations listed in the guidelines were extracted, categorised and analysed. Analysis was based on consistency, concordance and recommendations were classified on the basis of whether the interventions targeted within-household or community-level transmission.<h4>Results</h4>Eight international guidelines were included in this review: three by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), one from a non-profit organisation (NPO), three from multilateral organisations and one from a research institution. There were 95 distinct recommendations identified, and concordance among guidelines was poor to fair. All categories of WASH interventions were featured in the guidelines. The majority of recommendations targeted community-level transmission (45%), 35% targeted within-household transmission and 20% both.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Recent evidence suggests that interventions for effective cholera control and response to epidemics should focus on case-centred approaches and within-household transmission. Guidelines did consistently propose interventions targeting transmission within households. However, the majority of recommendations listed in guidelines targeted community-level transmission and tended to be more focused on preventing contamination of the environment by cases or recurrent outbreaks, and the level of service required to interrupt community-level transmission was often not specified. The guidelines in current use were varied and interpretation may be difficult when conflicting recommendations are provided. Future editions of guidelines should reflect on the inclusion of evidence-based approaches, cholera transmission models and resource-efficient strategies.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226549&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Lauren D'Mello-Guyett Karin Gallandat Rafael Van den Bergh Dawn Taylor Gregory Bulit Dominique Legros Peter Maes Francesco Checchi Oliver Cumming Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: A scoping review of current international guidelines. PLoS ONE |
| title | Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: A scoping review of current international guidelines. |
| title_full | Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: A scoping review of current international guidelines. |
| title_fullStr | Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: A scoping review of current international guidelines. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: A scoping review of current international guidelines. |
| title_short | Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: A scoping review of current international guidelines. |
| title_sort | prevention and control of cholera with household and community water sanitation and hygiene wash interventions a scoping review of current international guidelines |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226549&type=printable |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT laurendmelloguyett preventionandcontrolofcholerawithhouseholdandcommunitywatersanitationandhygienewashinterventionsascopingreviewofcurrentinternationalguidelines AT karingallandat preventionandcontrolofcholerawithhouseholdandcommunitywatersanitationandhygienewashinterventionsascopingreviewofcurrentinternationalguidelines AT rafaelvandenbergh preventionandcontrolofcholerawithhouseholdandcommunitywatersanitationandhygienewashinterventionsascopingreviewofcurrentinternationalguidelines AT dawntaylor preventionandcontrolofcholerawithhouseholdandcommunitywatersanitationandhygienewashinterventionsascopingreviewofcurrentinternationalguidelines AT gregorybulit preventionandcontrolofcholerawithhouseholdandcommunitywatersanitationandhygienewashinterventionsascopingreviewofcurrentinternationalguidelines AT dominiquelegros preventionandcontrolofcholerawithhouseholdandcommunitywatersanitationandhygienewashinterventionsascopingreviewofcurrentinternationalguidelines AT petermaes preventionandcontrolofcholerawithhouseholdandcommunitywatersanitationandhygienewashinterventionsascopingreviewofcurrentinternationalguidelines AT francescochecchi preventionandcontrolofcholerawithhouseholdandcommunitywatersanitationandhygienewashinterventionsascopingreviewofcurrentinternationalguidelines AT olivercumming preventionandcontrolofcholerawithhouseholdandcommunitywatersanitationandhygienewashinterventionsascopingreviewofcurrentinternationalguidelines |