In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit Coupling
We study the topological defects and spin structures of rotating SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled spin <i>F</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn&g...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/508 |
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| Summary: | We study the topological defects and spin structures of rotating SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled spin <i>F</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in an in-plane quadrupole field with ferromagnetic spin interaction, and the BECs is confined by a harmonic trap. Without rotation, as the quadrupole field strength is increased, the spin <i>F</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> BECs with SU(3) spin–orbit coupling (SOC) evolves from the initial Thomas–Fermi phase into the stripe phase; then, it enters a vortex–antivortex cluster state and eventually a polar-core vortex state. In the absence of rotation with the given quadrupole field, the enhancing SU(3) SOC strength can cause a phase transition from a central Mermin–Ho vortex to a vortex–antivortex cluster, subsequently converting to a bending vortex–antivortex chain. In addition, when considering rotation, it is found that this system generates the following five typical quantum phases: a three-vortex-chain cluster structure with mutual angles of approximately <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>, a tree-fork-like vortex chain cluster, a rotationally symmetric vortex necklace, a diagonal vortex chain cluster, and a density hole vortex cluster. Particularly, the system exhibits unusual topological structures and spin textures, such as a bending half-skyrmion–half-antiskyrmion (meron–antimeron) chain, three half-skyrmion (meron) chains with mutual angles of an approximately <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>, slightly curved diagonal half-skyrmion (meron) cluster lattice, a skyrmion–half-skyrmion (skyrmion-meron) necklace, and a tree-fork-like half-skyrmion (meron) chain cluster lattice. |
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| ISSN: | 1099-4300 |