Fault detection and assessment in an AC microgrid system using modified complex plane via positive sequence current measurement

Integrating distributed generations (DGs) into microgrids leads to many significant issues and challenges in fault detection due to bidirectional power flow, inertia change, fault current variation under different operating conditions, and topological changes. To bring an optimal solution to fault d...

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Main Authors: Chinmayee Biswal, Pravat Kumar Rout, Binod Kumar Sahu, Manohar Mishra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025008898
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author Chinmayee Biswal
Pravat Kumar Rout
Binod Kumar Sahu
Manohar Mishra
author_facet Chinmayee Biswal
Pravat Kumar Rout
Binod Kumar Sahu
Manohar Mishra
author_sort Chinmayee Biswal
collection DOAJ
description Integrating distributed generations (DGs) into microgrids leads to many significant issues and challenges in fault detection due to bidirectional power flow, inertia change, fault current variation under different operating conditions, and topological changes. To bring an optimal solution to fault detection, this article introduces a novel protection scheme utilizing a modified complex plane or α-plane strategy based on positive sequence current. The proposed approach leverages the magnitude and phase angle of the modified current ratio (MCR), specifically utilizing the complex signal retrieved from the positive sequence current at both ends of the distribution line. Under normal operating conditions the MCR lies within the dead zone and for external faults, the MCR remains within a restraining region. On the other hand, during internal faults, the MCR shifts inside the operating area. The proposed technique undergoes a wide range of evaluation across various types of faults, including high-resistance faults (HRFs), fault location variation, current transformer (CT) saturation, DG penetration, and sampling frequency fluctuations, especially in grid-connected (GC) modes of operation. Additionally, several non-fault circumstances are analyzed to confirm the method's effectiveness. The advantages of the proposed schemes are demonstrated through a comparative analysis with those of existing schemes. Extensive testing is conducted on a 9-bus CERTS AC distribution system incorporating three DGs. Furthermore, the proposed α-plane based protection approach is validated using the IEEE-34 Bus test system in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform.
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spelling doaj-art-c81d0366e82d47158d24ee38203669b72025-08-20T02:16:01ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610481210.1016/j.rineng.2025.104812Fault detection and assessment in an AC microgrid system using modified complex plane via positive sequence current measurementChinmayee Biswal0Pravat Kumar Rout1Binod Kumar Sahu2Manohar Mishra3Department of Electrical Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751030, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751030, India; Corresponding author.Department of Electrical Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751030, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751030, IndiaIntegrating distributed generations (DGs) into microgrids leads to many significant issues and challenges in fault detection due to bidirectional power flow, inertia change, fault current variation under different operating conditions, and topological changes. To bring an optimal solution to fault detection, this article introduces a novel protection scheme utilizing a modified complex plane or α-plane strategy based on positive sequence current. The proposed approach leverages the magnitude and phase angle of the modified current ratio (MCR), specifically utilizing the complex signal retrieved from the positive sequence current at both ends of the distribution line. Under normal operating conditions the MCR lies within the dead zone and for external faults, the MCR remains within a restraining region. On the other hand, during internal faults, the MCR shifts inside the operating area. The proposed technique undergoes a wide range of evaluation across various types of faults, including high-resistance faults (HRFs), fault location variation, current transformer (CT) saturation, DG penetration, and sampling frequency fluctuations, especially in grid-connected (GC) modes of operation. Additionally, several non-fault circumstances are analyzed to confirm the method's effectiveness. The advantages of the proposed schemes are demonstrated through a comparative analysis with those of existing schemes. Extensive testing is conducted on a 9-bus CERTS AC distribution system incorporating three DGs. Furthermore, the proposed α-plane based protection approach is validated using the IEEE-34 Bus test system in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025008898Microgrid protectionFault detectionCERTS AC microgridDistribution generationPositive sequence componentHigh-resistance fault
spellingShingle Chinmayee Biswal
Pravat Kumar Rout
Binod Kumar Sahu
Manohar Mishra
Fault detection and assessment in an AC microgrid system using modified complex plane via positive sequence current measurement
Results in Engineering
Microgrid protection
Fault detection
CERTS AC microgrid
Distribution generation
Positive sequence component
High-resistance fault
title Fault detection and assessment in an AC microgrid system using modified complex plane via positive sequence current measurement
title_full Fault detection and assessment in an AC microgrid system using modified complex plane via positive sequence current measurement
title_fullStr Fault detection and assessment in an AC microgrid system using modified complex plane via positive sequence current measurement
title_full_unstemmed Fault detection and assessment in an AC microgrid system using modified complex plane via positive sequence current measurement
title_short Fault detection and assessment in an AC microgrid system using modified complex plane via positive sequence current measurement
title_sort fault detection and assessment in an ac microgrid system using modified complex plane via positive sequence current measurement
topic Microgrid protection
Fault detection
CERTS AC microgrid
Distribution generation
Positive sequence component
High-resistance fault
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025008898
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AT binodkumarsahu faultdetectionandassessmentinanacmicrogridsystemusingmodifiedcomplexplaneviapositivesequencecurrentmeasurement
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