Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines

Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feat...

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Main Authors: Bhanu Partap Singh Thakur, Sandeep Kumar Sharma, Arvind Sharma, Adarsh Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2011-01-01
Series:Veterinary Medicine International
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/506831
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author Bhanu Partap Singh Thakur
Sandeep Kumar Sharma
Arvind Sharma
Adarsh Kumar
author_facet Bhanu Partap Singh Thakur
Sandeep Kumar Sharma
Arvind Sharma
Adarsh Kumar
author_sort Bhanu Partap Singh Thakur
collection DOAJ
description Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a significant increase in ALT values during anaesthesia. The values returned to normal during recovery ruling out any renal or hepatic toxicity. Occasionally, negative T wave, notched P wave, and sinus block were noticed. It is recommended that the anaesthetic combinations xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine can be safely used for short-term total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in equines under field conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-c7d9145a55ae4ea7b5b4c1b8a0e97bbf2025-08-20T02:19:44ZengWileyVeterinary Medicine International2042-00482011-01-01201110.4061/2011/506831506831Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in EquinesBhanu Partap Singh Thakur0Sandeep Kumar Sharma1Arvind Sharma2Adarsh Kumar3Department of Surgery and Radiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur (HP) 176 062, IndiaDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur (HP) 176 062, IndiaDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur (HP) 176 062, IndiaDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur (HP) 176 062, IndiaXylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a significant increase in ALT values during anaesthesia. The values returned to normal during recovery ruling out any renal or hepatic toxicity. Occasionally, negative T wave, notched P wave, and sinus block were noticed. It is recommended that the anaesthetic combinations xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine can be safely used for short-term total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in equines under field conditions.http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/506831
spellingShingle Bhanu Partap Singh Thakur
Sandeep Kumar Sharma
Arvind Sharma
Adarsh Kumar
Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines
Veterinary Medicine International
title Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines
title_full Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines
title_fullStr Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines
title_short Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines
title_sort clinical evaluation of xylazine butorphanol guaifenesin ketamine as short term tiva in equines
url http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/506831
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