The Color and Magnetic Properties of Urban Dust to Identify Contaminated Samples by Heavy Metals in Mexico City Metropolitan Area
Particles from gasoline-powered vehicle combustion often contain dark or black magnetic iron oxides. This work evaluates color variations and heavy metal concentrations in urban dust by separating magnetic particles. We used a high-power magnet to separate the magnetic particles of 30 urban dust sam...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/4/374 |
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| author | Alexandra Méndez-Sánchez Ángeles Gallegos Rafael García Rubén Cejudo Avto Goguitchaichvili Francisco Bautista |
| author_facet | Alexandra Méndez-Sánchez Ángeles Gallegos Rafael García Rubén Cejudo Avto Goguitchaichvili Francisco Bautista |
| author_sort | Alexandra Méndez-Sánchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Particles from gasoline-powered vehicle combustion often contain dark or black magnetic iron oxides. This work evaluates color variations and heavy metal concentrations in urban dust by separating magnetic particles. We used a high-power magnet to separate the magnetic particles of 30 urban dust samples from the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico. In this way, we obtained three types of dust samples: complete particles (CPs), magnetic particles (MPs), and residual particles (RPs). The change in color with the CIE L*a*b* and RGB systems was estimated, while the concentrations of 18 heavy metals with XRF were measured. Results showed significant color differences between magnetic particles (MPs) and complete (CPs) or residual particles (RPs), with MPs exhibiting darker tones and higher concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and V. The redness and saturation indices may help to identify urban dust samples contaminated with heavy metals and magnetic particles. Magnetism is a method that removes magnetic particles and some heavy metals from urban dust, partially reducing its toxicity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c7d89dbf7a2e4a59b4dc7bad4e20a8e0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-c7d89dbf7a2e4a59b4dc7bad4e20a8e02025-08-20T02:17:19ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-03-0116437410.3390/atmos16040374The Color and Magnetic Properties of Urban Dust to Identify Contaminated Samples by Heavy Metals in Mexico City Metropolitan AreaAlexandra Méndez-Sánchez0Ángeles Gallegos1Rafael García2Rubén Cejudo3Avto Goguitchaichvili4Francisco Bautista5Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, MexicoLaboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, MexicoLaboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Geofísica Unidad Michoacán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, MexicoLaboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Geofísica Unidad Michoacán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, MexicoLaboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Geofísica Unidad Michoacán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, MexicoLaboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, MexicoParticles from gasoline-powered vehicle combustion often contain dark or black magnetic iron oxides. This work evaluates color variations and heavy metal concentrations in urban dust by separating magnetic particles. We used a high-power magnet to separate the magnetic particles of 30 urban dust samples from the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico. In this way, we obtained three types of dust samples: complete particles (CPs), magnetic particles (MPs), and residual particles (RPs). The change in color with the CIE L*a*b* and RGB systems was estimated, while the concentrations of 18 heavy metals with XRF were measured. Results showed significant color differences between magnetic particles (MPs) and complete (CPs) or residual particles (RPs), with MPs exhibiting darker tones and higher concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and V. The redness and saturation indices may help to identify urban dust samples contaminated with heavy metals and magnetic particles. Magnetism is a method that removes magnetic particles and some heavy metals from urban dust, partially reducing its toxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/4/374CIE L*a*b*magnetic particlespollutionRGBurban road |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Méndez-Sánchez Ángeles Gallegos Rafael García Rubén Cejudo Avto Goguitchaichvili Francisco Bautista The Color and Magnetic Properties of Urban Dust to Identify Contaminated Samples by Heavy Metals in Mexico City Metropolitan Area Atmosphere CIE L*a*b* magnetic particles pollution RGB urban road |
| title | The Color and Magnetic Properties of Urban Dust to Identify Contaminated Samples by Heavy Metals in Mexico City Metropolitan Area |
| title_full | The Color and Magnetic Properties of Urban Dust to Identify Contaminated Samples by Heavy Metals in Mexico City Metropolitan Area |
| title_fullStr | The Color and Magnetic Properties of Urban Dust to Identify Contaminated Samples by Heavy Metals in Mexico City Metropolitan Area |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Color and Magnetic Properties of Urban Dust to Identify Contaminated Samples by Heavy Metals in Mexico City Metropolitan Area |
| title_short | The Color and Magnetic Properties of Urban Dust to Identify Contaminated Samples by Heavy Metals in Mexico City Metropolitan Area |
| title_sort | color and magnetic properties of urban dust to identify contaminated samples by heavy metals in mexico city metropolitan area |
| topic | CIE L*a*b* magnetic particles pollution RGB urban road |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/4/374 |
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