Comparative Evaluation of Tear Film and Corneal Surface in Chronic Smokers and Non Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Tobacco smoking is the primary avoidable cause of mortality, resulting in the deaths of seven million people worldwide annually. Tobacco smoke is a well-documented ocular irritant that exacerbates Dry Eye Disease (DED) and its associated symptoms. Aim: To compare tear film and corneal...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| author | Ruchi Dabas Meena Kumari Manisha Rathi Monika Dahiya Rajni Yadav Sumit Sachdeva |
| author_facet | Ruchi Dabas Meena Kumari Manisha Rathi Monika Dahiya Rajni Yadav Sumit Sachdeva |
| author_sort | Ruchi Dabas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Tobacco smoking is the primary avoidable cause of mortality, resulting in the deaths of seven million people worldwide annually. Tobacco smoke is a well-documented ocular irritant that exacerbates Dry Eye Disease (DED) and its associated symptoms.
Aim: To compare tear film and corneal surface parameters in chronic smokers and non smokers.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among chronic smokers and non smokers presenting at a tertiary eye care centre in Northern India. A total of 80 subjects were included in the study and divided into two groups of 40 subjects each, comprising group A (chronic smokers) and group B (non smokers). All participants underwent a series of measurements: Schirmer I test, Tear Breakup Time (TBUT), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell count using specular microscopy.
Results: The mean age of smokers was 50.15±6.89 years, whereas the mean age of non smokers was 49.25±6.39 years, with a significant male preponderance. The dry eye parameters, such as the Schirmer I test and TBUT, were significantly lower in smokers compared to non smokers, with a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001). Similarly, CCT and endothelial cell count were significantly lower in smokers than in non smokers, with a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: The study highlights the detrimental effects of smoking on ocular surface health. Smoking predisposes users to DED due to lower tear production and an unstable tear film. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c764771037834f028c8eadcea23bc6ae |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-c764771037834f028c8eadcea23bc6ae2025-01-20T11:07:31ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-01-011901050810.7860/JCDR/2025/75758.20499Comparative Evaluation of Tear Film and Corneal Surface in Chronic Smokers and Non Smokers: A Cross-sectional StudyRuchi Dabas0Meena Kumari1Manisha Rathi2Monika Dahiya3Rajni Yadav4Sumit Sachdeva5Assistant Professor, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.Postgraduate Resident, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.Senior Professor, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.Senior Resident, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.Postgraduate Resident, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.Professor, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.Introduction: Tobacco smoking is the primary avoidable cause of mortality, resulting in the deaths of seven million people worldwide annually. Tobacco smoke is a well-documented ocular irritant that exacerbates Dry Eye Disease (DED) and its associated symptoms. Aim: To compare tear film and corneal surface parameters in chronic smokers and non smokers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among chronic smokers and non smokers presenting at a tertiary eye care centre in Northern India. A total of 80 subjects were included in the study and divided into two groups of 40 subjects each, comprising group A (chronic smokers) and group B (non smokers). All participants underwent a series of measurements: Schirmer I test, Tear Breakup Time (TBUT), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell count using specular microscopy. Results: The mean age of smokers was 50.15±6.89 years, whereas the mean age of non smokers was 49.25±6.39 years, with a significant male preponderance. The dry eye parameters, such as the Schirmer I test and TBUT, were significantly lower in smokers compared to non smokers, with a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001). Similarly, CCT and endothelial cell count were significantly lower in smokers than in non smokers, with a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights the detrimental effects of smoking on ocular surface health. Smoking predisposes users to DED due to lower tear production and an unstable tear film.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20499/75758_CE(Ra1)_F(Sh)_QC(PS_OM)_PF1(AG_SL)_PFA(IS)_PN(IS).pdfcentral corneal thicknessdry eyeendothelial cell countsmoking |
| spellingShingle | Ruchi Dabas Meena Kumari Manisha Rathi Monika Dahiya Rajni Yadav Sumit Sachdeva Comparative Evaluation of Tear Film and Corneal Surface in Chronic Smokers and Non Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research central corneal thickness dry eye endothelial cell count smoking |
| title | Comparative Evaluation of Tear Film and Corneal Surface in Chronic Smokers and Non Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full | Comparative Evaluation of Tear Film and Corneal Surface in Chronic Smokers and Non Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Evaluation of Tear Film and Corneal Surface in Chronic Smokers and Non Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Evaluation of Tear Film and Corneal Surface in Chronic Smokers and Non Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_short | Comparative Evaluation of Tear Film and Corneal Surface in Chronic Smokers and Non Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_sort | comparative evaluation of tear film and corneal surface in chronic smokers and non smokers a cross sectional study |
| topic | central corneal thickness dry eye endothelial cell count smoking |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20499/75758_CE(Ra1)_F(Sh)_QC(PS_OM)_PF1(AG_SL)_PFA(IS)_PN(IS).pdf |
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