Response Surface Methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminance

Abstract Improving thermal comfort often impacts daylight, creating trade-offs that remain underexplored, particularly in tropical dwellings. Overheating metrics—essential for assessing thermal conditions in warm regions—are entirely absent from daylight performance analysis. Response Surface Method...

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Main Authors: Juan Gamero-Salinas, Jesús López-Fidalgo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96376-x
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author Juan Gamero-Salinas
Jesús López-Fidalgo
author_facet Juan Gamero-Salinas
Jesús López-Fidalgo
author_sort Juan Gamero-Salinas
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Improving thermal comfort often impacts daylight, creating trade-offs that remain underexplored, particularly in tropical dwellings. Overheating metrics—essential for assessing thermal conditions in warm regions—are entirely absent from daylight performance analysis. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and desirability functions were employed to optimize the thermal and daylight performance of a typical low-rise tropical housing typology. Specifically, this approach simultaneously optimized Indoor Overheating Hours (IOH) and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) metrics through an Overall Desirability (D). Each response required only 138 simulation runs (~ 30 h: 276 runs) to determine optimal values for passive strategies: window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and roof overhang depth across four orientations (eight factors). Initial screening based on $$\:{2}_{V}^{8-2}$$ fractional factorial design, identified four key factors using stepwise and Lasso regression, narrowed down to three: roof overhang depth on the south and west, WWR on the west, and WWR on the south. Then, RSM optimization yielded an optimal solution (west/south roof overhang: 3.78 m, west WWR: 3.76%, south WWR: 29.3%) with a D of 0.625 (IOH: 8.33%, UDI: 79.67%). Finally, robustness analysis with 1,000 bootstrap replications provided 95% confidence intervals for the optimal values. This study balances thermal comfort and daylight with few experiments using a computationally-efficient multiobjective approach.
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spelling doaj-art-c75b18d541e64db992a54d47bcb8e9f02025-08-20T02:17:05ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-96376-xResponse Surface Methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminanceJuan Gamero-Salinas0Jesús López-Fidalgo1Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DATAI), University of NavarraInstitute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DATAI), University of NavarraAbstract Improving thermal comfort often impacts daylight, creating trade-offs that remain underexplored, particularly in tropical dwellings. Overheating metrics—essential for assessing thermal conditions in warm regions—are entirely absent from daylight performance analysis. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and desirability functions were employed to optimize the thermal and daylight performance of a typical low-rise tropical housing typology. Specifically, this approach simultaneously optimized Indoor Overheating Hours (IOH) and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) metrics through an Overall Desirability (D). Each response required only 138 simulation runs (~ 30 h: 276 runs) to determine optimal values for passive strategies: window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and roof overhang depth across four orientations (eight factors). Initial screening based on $$\:{2}_{V}^{8-2}$$ fractional factorial design, identified four key factors using stepwise and Lasso regression, narrowed down to three: roof overhang depth on the south and west, WWR on the west, and WWR on the south. Then, RSM optimization yielded an optimal solution (west/south roof overhang: 3.78 m, west WWR: 3.76%, south WWR: 29.3%) with a D of 0.625 (IOH: 8.33%, UDI: 79.67%). Finally, robustness analysis with 1,000 bootstrap replications provided 95% confidence intervals for the optimal values. This study balances thermal comfort and daylight with few experiments using a computationally-efficient multiobjective approach.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96376-xDesign of experimentsResponse surface methodologyDesirability functionsMultiobjective optimizationIndoor overheatingDaylight performance
spellingShingle Juan Gamero-Salinas
Jesús López-Fidalgo
Response Surface Methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminance
Scientific Reports
Design of experiments
Response surface methodology
Desirability functions
Multiobjective optimization
Indoor overheating
Daylight performance
title Response Surface Methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminance
title_full Response Surface Methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminance
title_fullStr Response Surface Methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminance
title_full_unstemmed Response Surface Methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminance
title_short Response Surface Methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminance
title_sort response surface methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminance
topic Design of experiments
Response surface methodology
Desirability functions
Multiobjective optimization
Indoor overheating
Daylight performance
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96376-x
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