From polymer matrix to cell structure: STG/TEMs/PU energy-absorbing foamed composites with strain rate-dependent and bimodal cellular structure
In this study, based on polyurethane (PU) foam material, intelligent macromolecular material “shear thickening gel (STG)” with strain rate-dependent characteristic was chosen as the reinforcing material to strengthen the PU matrix, and water together with thermal expansion microspheres (TEMs) were u...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000589 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832590006673211392 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiaoke Liu Kejing Yu Pengwan Chen |
| author_facet | Xiaoke Liu Kejing Yu Pengwan Chen |
| author_sort | Xiaoke Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, based on polyurethane (PU) foam material, intelligent macromolecular material “shear thickening gel (STG)” with strain rate-dependent characteristic was chosen as the reinforcing material to strengthen the PU matrix, and water together with thermal expansion microspheres (TEMs) were used as double foaming agents to prepare STG/TEMs/PU foamed composites with bimodal cell structure and excellent mechanical properties. We examined the effects of varying STG and TEMs contents on the cell structure and investigated the contributions of the matrix material and cell structure to the strain rate-dependent properties. The results demonstrate that incorporating STG into the matrix is more beneficial for enhancing the strain rate-dependent behavior of the foamed composites than altering the cell structure. Moreover, loading-unloading test analyses revealed that STG-reinforced foam and TEMs-reinforced foam exhibit distinct softening and hysteresis behaviors. This finding not only enhances our understanding of the mechanisms by which STG and TEMs operate in PU foams but also establishes a foundation for improving the performance of these materials under various extreme application conditions. Finally, we elucidated the energy dissipation mechanism of STG/TEMs/PU foam composites under multi-cycle compression loads, providing clearer insights into the microscopic changes occurring within the materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c7142aa35b6e4c219dfb8e73a37e825b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj-art-c7142aa35b6e4c219dfb8e73a37e825b2025-01-24T04:44:31ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-02-01250113638From polymer matrix to cell structure: STG/TEMs/PU energy-absorbing foamed composites with strain rate-dependent and bimodal cellular structureXiaoke Liu0Kejing Yu1Pengwan Chen2State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, ChinaKey Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, ChinaIn this study, based on polyurethane (PU) foam material, intelligent macromolecular material “shear thickening gel (STG)” with strain rate-dependent characteristic was chosen as the reinforcing material to strengthen the PU matrix, and water together with thermal expansion microspheres (TEMs) were used as double foaming agents to prepare STG/TEMs/PU foamed composites with bimodal cell structure and excellent mechanical properties. We examined the effects of varying STG and TEMs contents on the cell structure and investigated the contributions of the matrix material and cell structure to the strain rate-dependent properties. The results demonstrate that incorporating STG into the matrix is more beneficial for enhancing the strain rate-dependent behavior of the foamed composites than altering the cell structure. Moreover, loading-unloading test analyses revealed that STG-reinforced foam and TEMs-reinforced foam exhibit distinct softening and hysteresis behaviors. This finding not only enhances our understanding of the mechanisms by which STG and TEMs operate in PU foams but also establishes a foundation for improving the performance of these materials under various extreme application conditions. Finally, we elucidated the energy dissipation mechanism of STG/TEMs/PU foam composites under multi-cycle compression loads, providing clearer insights into the microscopic changes occurring within the materials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000589FoamsShear thickening gelThermal expansion microspheresMechanical propertiesMicrostructures |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoke Liu Kejing Yu Pengwan Chen From polymer matrix to cell structure: STG/TEMs/PU energy-absorbing foamed composites with strain rate-dependent and bimodal cellular structure Materials & Design Foams Shear thickening gel Thermal expansion microspheres Mechanical properties Microstructures |
| title | From polymer matrix to cell structure: STG/TEMs/PU energy-absorbing foamed composites with strain rate-dependent and bimodal cellular structure |
| title_full | From polymer matrix to cell structure: STG/TEMs/PU energy-absorbing foamed composites with strain rate-dependent and bimodal cellular structure |
| title_fullStr | From polymer matrix to cell structure: STG/TEMs/PU energy-absorbing foamed composites with strain rate-dependent and bimodal cellular structure |
| title_full_unstemmed | From polymer matrix to cell structure: STG/TEMs/PU energy-absorbing foamed composites with strain rate-dependent and bimodal cellular structure |
| title_short | From polymer matrix to cell structure: STG/TEMs/PU energy-absorbing foamed composites with strain rate-dependent and bimodal cellular structure |
| title_sort | from polymer matrix to cell structure stg tems pu energy absorbing foamed composites with strain rate dependent and bimodal cellular structure |
| topic | Foams Shear thickening gel Thermal expansion microspheres Mechanical properties Microstructures |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000589 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaokeliu frompolymermatrixtocellstructurestgtemspuenergyabsorbingfoamedcompositeswithstrainratedependentandbimodalcellularstructure AT kejingyu frompolymermatrixtocellstructurestgtemspuenergyabsorbingfoamedcompositeswithstrainratedependentandbimodalcellularstructure AT pengwanchen frompolymermatrixtocellstructurestgtemspuenergyabsorbingfoamedcompositeswithstrainratedependentandbimodalcellularstructure |