The impact of HIV infection and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of gonorrhea: A county-level, US-wide analysis.
<h4>Background</h4>Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported identifiable disease in the United States (U.S.). Importantly, more than 25% of gonorrheal infections demonstrate antibiotic resistance, leading the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to classify gonorrhea as...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183938&type=printable |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850079012727029760 |
|---|---|
| author | Nikolaos Andreatos Christos Grigoras Fadi Shehadeh Elina Eleftheria Pliakos Georgianna Stoukides Jenna Port Myrto Eleni Flokas Eleftherios Mylonakis |
| author_facet | Nikolaos Andreatos Christos Grigoras Fadi Shehadeh Elina Eleftheria Pliakos Georgianna Stoukides Jenna Port Myrto Eleni Flokas Eleftherios Mylonakis |
| author_sort | Nikolaos Andreatos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported identifiable disease in the United States (U.S.). Importantly, more than 25% of gonorrheal infections demonstrate antibiotic resistance, leading the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to classify gonorrhea as an "urgent threat".<h4>Methods</h4>We examined the association of gonorrhea infection rates with the incidence of HIV and socioeconomic factors. A county-level multivariable model was then constructed.<h4>Results</h4>Multivariable analysis demonstrated that HIV incidence [Coefficient (Coeff): 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.86, 1.66, P<0.001] exhibited the most powerful independent association with the incidence of gonorrhea and predicted 40% of the observed variation in gonorrhea infection rates. Sociodemographic factors like county urban ranking (Coeff: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.20, P = 0.005), percentage of women (Coeff: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.53, P<0.001) and percentage of individuals under the poverty line (Coeff: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.57, P<0.001) exerted a secondary impact. A regression model that incorporated these variables predicted 56% of the observed variation in gonorrhea incidence (Pmodel<0.001, R2 model = 0.56).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Gonorrhea and HIV infection exhibited a powerful correlation thus emphasizing the benefits of comprehensive screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the value of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV among patients visiting an STI clinic. Furthermore, sociodemographic factors also impacted gonorrhea incidence, thus suggesting another possible focus for public health initiatives. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c68b4e8f1f884c8185a0ed4c843a8e21 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-c68b4e8f1f884c8185a0ed4c843a8e212025-08-20T02:45:23ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01129e018393810.1371/journal.pone.0183938The impact of HIV infection and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of gonorrhea: A county-level, US-wide analysis.Nikolaos AndreatosChristos GrigorasFadi ShehadehElina Eleftheria PliakosGeorgianna StoukidesJenna PortMyrto Eleni FlokasEleftherios Mylonakis<h4>Background</h4>Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported identifiable disease in the United States (U.S.). Importantly, more than 25% of gonorrheal infections demonstrate antibiotic resistance, leading the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to classify gonorrhea as an "urgent threat".<h4>Methods</h4>We examined the association of gonorrhea infection rates with the incidence of HIV and socioeconomic factors. A county-level multivariable model was then constructed.<h4>Results</h4>Multivariable analysis demonstrated that HIV incidence [Coefficient (Coeff): 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.86, 1.66, P<0.001] exhibited the most powerful independent association with the incidence of gonorrhea and predicted 40% of the observed variation in gonorrhea infection rates. Sociodemographic factors like county urban ranking (Coeff: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.20, P = 0.005), percentage of women (Coeff: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.53, P<0.001) and percentage of individuals under the poverty line (Coeff: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.57, P<0.001) exerted a secondary impact. A regression model that incorporated these variables predicted 56% of the observed variation in gonorrhea incidence (Pmodel<0.001, R2 model = 0.56).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Gonorrhea and HIV infection exhibited a powerful correlation thus emphasizing the benefits of comprehensive screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the value of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV among patients visiting an STI clinic. Furthermore, sociodemographic factors also impacted gonorrhea incidence, thus suggesting another possible focus for public health initiatives.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183938&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Nikolaos Andreatos Christos Grigoras Fadi Shehadeh Elina Eleftheria Pliakos Georgianna Stoukides Jenna Port Myrto Eleni Flokas Eleftherios Mylonakis The impact of HIV infection and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of gonorrhea: A county-level, US-wide analysis. PLoS ONE |
| title | The impact of HIV infection and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of gonorrhea: A county-level, US-wide analysis. |
| title_full | The impact of HIV infection and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of gonorrhea: A county-level, US-wide analysis. |
| title_fullStr | The impact of HIV infection and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of gonorrhea: A county-level, US-wide analysis. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of HIV infection and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of gonorrhea: A county-level, US-wide analysis. |
| title_short | The impact of HIV infection and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of gonorrhea: A county-level, US-wide analysis. |
| title_sort | impact of hiv infection and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of gonorrhea a county level us wide analysis |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183938&type=printable |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nikolaosandreatos theimpactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT christosgrigoras theimpactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT fadishehadeh theimpactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT elinaeleftheriapliakos theimpactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT georgiannastoukides theimpactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT jennaport theimpactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT myrtoeleniflokas theimpactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT eleftheriosmylonakis theimpactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT nikolaosandreatos impactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT christosgrigoras impactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT fadishehadeh impactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT elinaeleftheriapliakos impactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT georgiannastoukides impactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT jennaport impactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT myrtoeleniflokas impactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis AT eleftheriosmylonakis impactofhivinfectionandsocioeconomicfactorsontheincidenceofgonorrheaacountyleveluswideanalysis |