Synergistic effects of chemical and biochemical fertilization on yield enhancement and oil quality optimization in ‘Zard’ olive cultivars
PurposeThis research evaluates the combined impact of chemical and biological fertilizers on ‘Zard’ olive trees, aiming to reduce chemical dependency, enhance fertilizer efficiency, and improve nutritional value, yield, and oil quality from 2020 to 2023.MethodA factorial design within a randomized c...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1455921/full |
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| author | Mohammad Saeed Tadayon Ahmad Asgharzadeh Seyed Majid Mousavi Kobra Saghafi |
| author_facet | Mohammad Saeed Tadayon Ahmad Asgharzadeh Seyed Majid Mousavi Kobra Saghafi |
| author_sort | Mohammad Saeed Tadayon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeThis research evaluates the combined impact of chemical and biological fertilizers on ‘Zard’ olive trees, aiming to reduce chemical dependency, enhance fertilizer efficiency, and improve nutritional value, yield, and oil quality from 2020 to 2023.MethodA factorial design within a randomized complete block was used, focusing on the first factor, soil chemical fertilizer application (CF) at three levels, 100% (CF100), 75% (CF75), and 50% (CF50) of the fertilizer requirement as determined by soil testing. This was coupled with foliar applications of 20-20-20 NPK fertilizer with micronutrients. The second factor, biological fertilizer application (BF), also comprised three levels: BF0 (control), soil-applied organic fertilizer without biological agents; BF1, which included a soil application of an organic fertilizer mix, mycorrhizal fungi, and the beneficial bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, supplemented with fulvic acid and amino acids; and BF1+BFF, where trees were treated with both soil and foliar applications of the aforementioned bacterial species, fulvic acid, and amino acids.ResultsThe CF100+BF1+BFF treatment significantly increased fruit length (31.14%), diameter (41.61%), flesh thickness (30.48%), fresh weight (38.76%), dry weight (55.68%), and yield per tree (27.00%) compared to the control (CF100+BF0). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified CF100+BF1+BFF, CF75+BF1+BFF, and CF50+BF1+BFF as superior treatments for fruit characteristics, while CF50+BF1+BFF excelled in oil quality indicators.ConclusionThe study recommends the CF75+BF1+BFF and CF50+BF1+BFF treatments for concurrent improvements in fruit and oil quality. The combined use of biological fertilizers with reduced chemical fertilizers is considered the superior and optimal approach for fertilizing ‘Zard’ cultivar olive orchards. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c65b1a29d0714cbcbbb5f118d73c3a12 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-c65b1a29d0714cbcbbb5f118d73c3a122025-01-23T06:56:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-01-011610.3389/fpls.2025.14559211455921Synergistic effects of chemical and biochemical fertilization on yield enhancement and oil quality optimization in ‘Zard’ olive cultivarsMohammad Saeed Tadayon0Ahmad Asgharzadeh1Seyed Majid Mousavi2Kobra Saghafi3Soil and Water Research Department, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, IranBiology and Biotechnology Department, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranSoil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranBiology and Biotechnology Department, Soil and Water Research Institue, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranPurposeThis research evaluates the combined impact of chemical and biological fertilizers on ‘Zard’ olive trees, aiming to reduce chemical dependency, enhance fertilizer efficiency, and improve nutritional value, yield, and oil quality from 2020 to 2023.MethodA factorial design within a randomized complete block was used, focusing on the first factor, soil chemical fertilizer application (CF) at three levels, 100% (CF100), 75% (CF75), and 50% (CF50) of the fertilizer requirement as determined by soil testing. This was coupled with foliar applications of 20-20-20 NPK fertilizer with micronutrients. The second factor, biological fertilizer application (BF), also comprised three levels: BF0 (control), soil-applied organic fertilizer without biological agents; BF1, which included a soil application of an organic fertilizer mix, mycorrhizal fungi, and the beneficial bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, supplemented with fulvic acid and amino acids; and BF1+BFF, where trees were treated with both soil and foliar applications of the aforementioned bacterial species, fulvic acid, and amino acids.ResultsThe CF100+BF1+BFF treatment significantly increased fruit length (31.14%), diameter (41.61%), flesh thickness (30.48%), fresh weight (38.76%), dry weight (55.68%), and yield per tree (27.00%) compared to the control (CF100+BF0). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified CF100+BF1+BFF, CF75+BF1+BFF, and CF50+BF1+BFF as superior treatments for fruit characteristics, while CF50+BF1+BFF excelled in oil quality indicators.ConclusionThe study recommends the CF75+BF1+BFF and CF50+BF1+BFF treatments for concurrent improvements in fruit and oil quality. The combined use of biological fertilizers with reduced chemical fertilizers is considered the superior and optimal approach for fertilizing ‘Zard’ cultivar olive orchards.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1455921/fullbiological fertilizerchemical fertilizeroil qualityoliveplant nutrition |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Saeed Tadayon Ahmad Asgharzadeh Seyed Majid Mousavi Kobra Saghafi Synergistic effects of chemical and biochemical fertilization on yield enhancement and oil quality optimization in ‘Zard’ olive cultivars Frontiers in Plant Science biological fertilizer chemical fertilizer oil quality olive plant nutrition |
| title | Synergistic effects of chemical and biochemical fertilization on yield enhancement and oil quality optimization in ‘Zard’ olive cultivars |
| title_full | Synergistic effects of chemical and biochemical fertilization on yield enhancement and oil quality optimization in ‘Zard’ olive cultivars |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic effects of chemical and biochemical fertilization on yield enhancement and oil quality optimization in ‘Zard’ olive cultivars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic effects of chemical and biochemical fertilization on yield enhancement and oil quality optimization in ‘Zard’ olive cultivars |
| title_short | Synergistic effects of chemical and biochemical fertilization on yield enhancement and oil quality optimization in ‘Zard’ olive cultivars |
| title_sort | synergistic effects of chemical and biochemical fertilization on yield enhancement and oil quality optimization in zard olive cultivars |
| topic | biological fertilizer chemical fertilizer oil quality olive plant nutrition |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1455921/full |
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