Water Quality Monitoring: A Water Quality Dataset from an On-Site Study in Macao

The Building Safe Water Use Plan promoted by the Macao Marine and Water Bureau aims to encourage property management entities to regularly maintain building water supply systems to ensure the safety and stability of drinking water. However, traditional laboratory testing methods are often time-consu...

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Main Authors: Jiawei Gao, Bochao Chen, Su-Kit Tang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4130
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author Jiawei Gao
Bochao Chen
Su-Kit Tang
author_facet Jiawei Gao
Bochao Chen
Su-Kit Tang
author_sort Jiawei Gao
collection DOAJ
description The Building Safe Water Use Plan promoted by the Macao Marine and Water Bureau aims to encourage property management entities to regularly maintain building water supply systems to ensure the safety and stability of drinking water. However, traditional laboratory testing methods are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, making real-time and efficient water quality monitoring challenging. To address this issue, this study proposes a Raspberry Pi-based multi-sensor system for rapid water quality detection and improved monitoring efficiency. This system integrates multiple sensors to measure key water quality parameters, such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDSs), temperature, and turbidity, while recording data in real-time. The data were continuously collected over a period of five months (July to November 2024). The collected data were analyzed and validated using machine learning algorithms, including Isolation Forest, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Local Outlier Factor. Among these models, Random Forest exhibited the best overall performance, achieving an accuracy of 98.10% and an F1 score of 98.99%. These results show that the dataset demonstrates high reliability in anomaly detection and classification tasks, accurately identifying deviations in water quality. This approach not only enhances the efficiency of water quality monitoring but also provides technological support for urban drinking water safety management.
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spelling doaj-art-c635d884d1ff4fcabbf0bcf5edeea7082025-08-20T03:14:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01158413010.3390/app15084130Water Quality Monitoring: A Water Quality Dataset from an On-Site Study in MacaoJiawei Gao0Bochao Chen1Su-Kit Tang2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, ChinaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, ChinaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, ChinaThe Building Safe Water Use Plan promoted by the Macao Marine and Water Bureau aims to encourage property management entities to regularly maintain building water supply systems to ensure the safety and stability of drinking water. However, traditional laboratory testing methods are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, making real-time and efficient water quality monitoring challenging. To address this issue, this study proposes a Raspberry Pi-based multi-sensor system for rapid water quality detection and improved monitoring efficiency. This system integrates multiple sensors to measure key water quality parameters, such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDSs), temperature, and turbidity, while recording data in real-time. The data were continuously collected over a period of five months (July to November 2024). The collected data were analyzed and validated using machine learning algorithms, including Isolation Forest, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Local Outlier Factor. Among these models, Random Forest exhibited the best overall performance, achieving an accuracy of 98.10% and an F1 score of 98.99%. These results show that the dataset demonstrates high reliability in anomaly detection and classification tasks, accurately identifying deviations in water quality. This approach not only enhances the efficiency of water quality monitoring but also provides technological support for urban drinking water safety management.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4130water quality monitoringMacaoanomaly detectiondataset
spellingShingle Jiawei Gao
Bochao Chen
Su-Kit Tang
Water Quality Monitoring: A Water Quality Dataset from an On-Site Study in Macao
Applied Sciences
water quality monitoring
Macao
anomaly detection
dataset
title Water Quality Monitoring: A Water Quality Dataset from an On-Site Study in Macao
title_full Water Quality Monitoring: A Water Quality Dataset from an On-Site Study in Macao
title_fullStr Water Quality Monitoring: A Water Quality Dataset from an On-Site Study in Macao
title_full_unstemmed Water Quality Monitoring: A Water Quality Dataset from an On-Site Study in Macao
title_short Water Quality Monitoring: A Water Quality Dataset from an On-Site Study in Macao
title_sort water quality monitoring a water quality dataset from an on site study in macao
topic water quality monitoring
Macao
anomaly detection
dataset
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4130
work_keys_str_mv AT jiaweigao waterqualitymonitoringawaterqualitydatasetfromanonsitestudyinmacao
AT bochaochen waterqualitymonitoringawaterqualitydatasetfromanonsitestudyinmacao
AT sukittang waterqualitymonitoringawaterqualitydatasetfromanonsitestudyinmacao