Climbing the STAIRs: Assessing students’ social scientific reasoning skills

Highlights: - Assessing complex skills in secondary school teaching practice is considered challenging - We developed items (STAIRs) to formatively assess students’ social scientific reasoning - STAIRs were validated by experts, teachers, think-aloud interviews, and test administration - STAIRs...

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Main Authors: Thomas Klijnstra, Geerte Savenije, Chiel Huijskes, Carla van Boxtel
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: Bielefeld University 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Social Science Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.jsse.org/index.php/jsse/article/view/7938
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author Thomas Klijnstra
Geerte Savenije
Chiel Huijskes
Carla van Boxtel
author_facet Thomas Klijnstra
Geerte Savenije
Chiel Huijskes
Carla van Boxtel
author_sort Thomas Klijnstra
collection DOAJ
description Highlights: - Assessing complex skills in secondary school teaching practice is considered challenging - We developed items (STAIRs) to formatively assess students’ social scientific reasoning - STAIRs were validated by experts, teachers, think-aloud interviews, and test administration - STAIRs elicited students’ reasoning about social problems in three proficiency levels - The design principles may be applied by teachers in the development of assessment items   Purpose: Assessing complex skills is considered important but challenging. This study focused on developing assessment items to evaluate secondary social science students’ proficiency in the subskill of causal analysis. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a conceptual framework of social scientific reasoning, we designed formative assessment items known as STAIRs (Social science Teaching Assessment Items of Reasoning). The STAIRs were validated in three focus groups: two groups of assessment experts (N = 7 and N = 3) and one group of social science teachers (N = 10). Additionally, think-aloud interviews were conducted with eight social science students. The quality of the STAIRs was evaluated by administering the items to 338 social science students in 21 Dutch social science classes. Findings: The results showed that it is possible to distinguish between the three performance levels in students’ reasoning using the STAIRs. Practical implications: The design principles for the STAIRs may aid teachers in developing additional assessment items.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Bielefeld University
record_format Article
series Journal of Social Science Education
spelling doaj-art-c5acf4cb9e004e1dbc6f1e062bf4df5e2025-08-20T03:51:09ZdeuBielefeld UniversityJournal of Social Science Education1618-52932025-07-01242Climbing the STAIRs: Assessing students’ social scientific reasoning skillsThomas Klijnstra0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2391-6009Geerte Savenije1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-8771Chiel Huijskes2https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5526-1616Carla van Boxtel3University of AmsterdamUniversity of AmsterdamNational Institute for Educational MeasurementUniversity of AmsterdamHighlights: - Assessing complex skills in secondary school teaching practice is considered challenging - We developed items (STAIRs) to formatively assess students’ social scientific reasoning - STAIRs were validated by experts, teachers, think-aloud interviews, and test administration - STAIRs elicited students’ reasoning about social problems in three proficiency levels - The design principles may be applied by teachers in the development of assessment items   Purpose: Assessing complex skills is considered important but challenging. This study focused on developing assessment items to evaluate secondary social science students’ proficiency in the subskill of causal analysis. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a conceptual framework of social scientific reasoning, we designed formative assessment items known as STAIRs (Social science Teaching Assessment Items of Reasoning). The STAIRs were validated in three focus groups: two groups of assessment experts (N = 7 and N = 3) and one group of social science teachers (N = 10). Additionally, think-aloud interviews were conducted with eight social science students. The quality of the STAIRs was evaluated by administering the items to 338 social science students in 21 Dutch social science classes. Findings: The results showed that it is possible to distinguish between the three performance levels in students’ reasoning using the STAIRs. Practical implications: The design principles for the STAIRs may aid teachers in developing additional assessment items. https://www.jsse.org/index.php/jsse/article/view/7938social science educationformative assessmentassessment designsocial scientific reasoningcausal analysiscivic education
spellingShingle Thomas Klijnstra
Geerte Savenije
Chiel Huijskes
Carla van Boxtel
Climbing the STAIRs: Assessing students’ social scientific reasoning skills
Journal of Social Science Education
social science education
formative assessment
assessment design
social scientific reasoning
causal analysis
civic education
title Climbing the STAIRs: Assessing students’ social scientific reasoning skills
title_full Climbing the STAIRs: Assessing students’ social scientific reasoning skills
title_fullStr Climbing the STAIRs: Assessing students’ social scientific reasoning skills
title_full_unstemmed Climbing the STAIRs: Assessing students’ social scientific reasoning skills
title_short Climbing the STAIRs: Assessing students’ social scientific reasoning skills
title_sort climbing the stairs assessing students social scientific reasoning skills
topic social science education
formative assessment
assessment design
social scientific reasoning
causal analysis
civic education
url https://www.jsse.org/index.php/jsse/article/view/7938
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AT geertesavenije climbingthestairsassessingstudentssocialscientificreasoningskills
AT chielhuijskes climbingthestairsassessingstudentssocialscientificreasoningskills
AT carlavanboxtel climbingthestairsassessingstudentssocialscientificreasoningskills