Pathology of Red Blood Cells in Patients with SARS-CoV-2
<b> Background:</b> Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with various hematological disorders. Understanding the pathology of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in coronavirus infection may provide insights into disease severity and progr...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Sona Hakobyan Lina Hakobyan Liana Abroyan Aida Avetisyan Hranush Avagyan Nane Bayramyan Lyudmila Niazyan Mher Davidyants Knarik Sargsyan Tehmine Ghalechyan Anna Semerjyan Elena Karalova Zaven Karalyan |
| author_facet | Sona Hakobyan Lina Hakobyan Liana Abroyan Aida Avetisyan Hranush Avagyan Nane Bayramyan Lyudmila Niazyan Mher Davidyants Knarik Sargsyan Tehmine Ghalechyan Anna Semerjyan Elena Karalova Zaven Karalyan |
| author_sort | Sona Hakobyan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b> Background:</b> Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with various hematological disorders. Understanding the pathology of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in coronavirus infection may provide insights into disease severity and progression. <b>Objective:</b> To review and analyze the general pathology of erythrocytes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, focusing on clinical and laboratory findings across different severity groups. <b>Methods:</b> Patients were classified into four groups based on clinical criteria: Group 1: Regular group (fever, respiratory symptoms, and radiographic evidence of pneumonia). Group 2: Severe group (shortness of breath >30 breaths/min, peripheral blood oxygen saturation <92% at rest, extensive pneumonia, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, and/or organ failure necessitating intensive care). Group 3: Low saturation group (peripheral blood oxygen saturation <85% at rest). Group 4: Erythroblastosis group (erythroblast count >0.5% among total nucleated blood cells). Clinical laboratory investigations included major routine studies and scanning microspectrophotometry to measure hemoglobin (Hb) spectra in unstained erythrocytes. <b>Results:</b> Erythroblasts were detected in approximately 30% of SARS-CoV-2 patients, predominantly in the severe group. Serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and anisocytosis were strongly correlated with disease severity. Microspectrophotometric studies revealed significant changes in hemoglobin adsorption spectra, with an increase in Hb absorbance at 420 nm in severe cases compared to normal controls. <b>Conclusions:</b> Elevated serum ferritin, CRP levels, anisocytosis, and altered hemoglobin absorption at 420 nm wavelength are associated with adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings highlight the potential utility of hematological parameters as markers for disease severity and prognosis in viral infections. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c579a735c71c4c6fad5a91d70dbcc6a22025-01-24T13:24:20ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113119110.3390/biomedicines13010191Pathology of Red Blood Cells in Patients with SARS-CoV-2Sona Hakobyan0Lina Hakobyan1Liana Abroyan2Aida Avetisyan3Hranush Avagyan4Nane Bayramyan5Lyudmila Niazyan6Mher Davidyants7Knarik Sargsyan8Tehmine Ghalechyan9Anna Semerjyan10Elena Karalova11Zaven Karalyan12Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, ArmeniaLaboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, ArmeniaLaboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, ArmeniaLaboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, ArmeniaLaboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, ArmeniaLaboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, ArmeniaNational Center of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, RA, Yerevan 8424, ArmeniaNational Center of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, RA, Yerevan 8424, ArmeniaNational Center of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, RA, Yerevan 8424, ArmeniaNational Center of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, RA, Yerevan 8424, ArmeniaDepartment of Medical Biology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, ArmeniaLaboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, ArmeniaLaboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia<b> Background:</b> Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with various hematological disorders. Understanding the pathology of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in coronavirus infection may provide insights into disease severity and progression. <b>Objective:</b> To review and analyze the general pathology of erythrocytes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, focusing on clinical and laboratory findings across different severity groups. <b>Methods:</b> Patients were classified into four groups based on clinical criteria: Group 1: Regular group (fever, respiratory symptoms, and radiographic evidence of pneumonia). Group 2: Severe group (shortness of breath >30 breaths/min, peripheral blood oxygen saturation <92% at rest, extensive pneumonia, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, and/or organ failure necessitating intensive care). Group 3: Low saturation group (peripheral blood oxygen saturation <85% at rest). Group 4: Erythroblastosis group (erythroblast count >0.5% among total nucleated blood cells). Clinical laboratory investigations included major routine studies and scanning microspectrophotometry to measure hemoglobin (Hb) spectra in unstained erythrocytes. <b>Results:</b> Erythroblasts were detected in approximately 30% of SARS-CoV-2 patients, predominantly in the severe group. Serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and anisocytosis were strongly correlated with disease severity. Microspectrophotometric studies revealed significant changes in hemoglobin adsorption spectra, with an increase in Hb absorbance at 420 nm in severe cases compared to normal controls. <b>Conclusions:</b> Elevated serum ferritin, CRP levels, anisocytosis, and altered hemoglobin absorption at 420 nm wavelength are associated with adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings highlight the potential utility of hematological parameters as markers for disease severity and prognosis in viral infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/191COVID-19red blood cellshemoglobin adsorptionerythroblastosismicrospectrophotometry |
| spellingShingle | Sona Hakobyan Lina Hakobyan Liana Abroyan Aida Avetisyan Hranush Avagyan Nane Bayramyan Lyudmila Niazyan Mher Davidyants Knarik Sargsyan Tehmine Ghalechyan Anna Semerjyan Elena Karalova Zaven Karalyan Pathology of Red Blood Cells in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Biomedicines COVID-19 red blood cells hemoglobin adsorption erythroblastosis microspectrophotometry |
| title | Pathology of Red Blood Cells in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full | Pathology of Red Blood Cells in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_fullStr | Pathology of Red Blood Cells in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathology of Red Blood Cells in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_short | Pathology of Red Blood Cells in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_sort | pathology of red blood cells in patients with sars cov 2 |
| topic | COVID-19 red blood cells hemoglobin adsorption erythroblastosis microspectrophotometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/191 |
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