Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, Iran
Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly in immunocompromised patients, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence gene profiles, and genet...
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2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03707-5 |
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| author | Ghazaleh Elahi Hamid Reza Goli Morvarid Shafiei Vajihe Sadat Nikbin Mehrdad Gholami |
| author_facet | Ghazaleh Elahi Hamid Reza Goli Morvarid Shafiei Vajihe Sadat Nikbin Mehrdad Gholami |
| author_sort | Ghazaleh Elahi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly in immunocompromised patients, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence gene profiles, and genetic diversity among P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients in Mazandaran, Iran. Methods From September 2021 to April 2022, 82 non-duplicate P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from diverse clinical sources. Identification was confirmed using API 20 NE (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines to assess resistance to a range of antibiotics. The virulence profile (exoT, exoY, exoU, toxA, plcH, plcN, algD, aprA, lasB and exoS) of each P. aeruginosa isolate was determined by PCR. The genetic diversity among the strains was evaluated using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Clustering was based on a Dice similarity coefficient of ≥ 85%. Results Of the 82 total strains, P. aeruginosa exhibited the highest and lowest resistance toward ticarcillin-clavulanate (98.78%) and colistin (0%), respectively. Moreover, 100% of the P. aeruginosa isolates were MDR. The following prevalence of virulence factor genes was observed: aprA, lasB, algD, toxA, plcH, exoY, and exoT in 100% of isolates. The plcN, exoS, and exoU were identified 98.78%, 67.07%, and 45.12%, respectively. The RAPD patterns obtained with primers 272 and 208 had respectively 2–19 and 6–17 bands. According to the Dice similarity coefficient of higher than 85%, 56 and 39 clusters were recognized. Conclusion The high rate of multidrug resistance combined with the widespread presence of virulence genes in P. aeruginosa isolates highlights the potential for increased infection severity, morbidity, and mortality in hospitalized patients. The substantial genetic diversity observed among isolates suggests that P. aeruginosa in this region may rapidly evolve, necessitating ongoing surveillance and more targeted antimicrobial strategies. Clinical trial number Not applicable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c554cb2a228c4edf82ab3823a1cf3e16 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c554cb2a228c4edf82ab3823a1cf3e162025-02-02T12:11:21ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802024-12-0124111110.1186/s12866-024-03707-5Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, IranGhazaleh Elahi0Hamid Reza Goli1Morvarid Shafiei2Vajihe Sadat Nikbin3Mehrdad Gholami4Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of IranDepartment of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of IranDepartment of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly in immunocompromised patients, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence gene profiles, and genetic diversity among P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients in Mazandaran, Iran. Methods From September 2021 to April 2022, 82 non-duplicate P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from diverse clinical sources. Identification was confirmed using API 20 NE (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines to assess resistance to a range of antibiotics. The virulence profile (exoT, exoY, exoU, toxA, plcH, plcN, algD, aprA, lasB and exoS) of each P. aeruginosa isolate was determined by PCR. The genetic diversity among the strains was evaluated using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Clustering was based on a Dice similarity coefficient of ≥ 85%. Results Of the 82 total strains, P. aeruginosa exhibited the highest and lowest resistance toward ticarcillin-clavulanate (98.78%) and colistin (0%), respectively. Moreover, 100% of the P. aeruginosa isolates were MDR. The following prevalence of virulence factor genes was observed: aprA, lasB, algD, toxA, plcH, exoY, and exoT in 100% of isolates. The plcN, exoS, and exoU were identified 98.78%, 67.07%, and 45.12%, respectively. The RAPD patterns obtained with primers 272 and 208 had respectively 2–19 and 6–17 bands. According to the Dice similarity coefficient of higher than 85%, 56 and 39 clusters were recognized. Conclusion The high rate of multidrug resistance combined with the widespread presence of virulence genes in P. aeruginosa isolates highlights the potential for increased infection severity, morbidity, and mortality in hospitalized patients. The substantial genetic diversity observed among isolates suggests that P. aeruginosa in this region may rapidly evolve, necessitating ongoing surveillance and more targeted antimicrobial strategies. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03707-5P. aeruginosaAntibiotic resistanceVirulence geneRAPDMultidrug-resistant |
| spellingShingle | Ghazaleh Elahi Hamid Reza Goli Morvarid Shafiei Vajihe Sadat Nikbin Mehrdad Gholami Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, Iran BMC Microbiology P. aeruginosa Antibiotic resistance Virulence gene RAPD Multidrug-resistant |
| title | Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, Iran |
| title_full | Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, Iran |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, Iran |
| title_short | Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, Iran |
| title_sort | antimicrobial resistance virulence gene profiling and genetic diversity of multidrug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in mazandaran iran |
| topic | P. aeruginosa Antibiotic resistance Virulence gene RAPD Multidrug-resistant |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03707-5 |
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