Rapid Detection of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs Electrochemiluminescence Sensor

Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) is a first-generation antihistamine that is frequently used to treat allergic reactions. However, excessive consumption presents potential health risks. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a quick and precise technique for identifying CPM levels. In this study, nickel...

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Main Authors: Yi Zhang, Jiayu Zhao, Jiaxing Chen, Tingfan Tang, Hao Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2603
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author Yi Zhang
Jiayu Zhao
Jiaxing Chen
Tingfan Tang
Hao Cheng
author_facet Yi Zhang
Jiayu Zhao
Jiaxing Chen
Tingfan Tang
Hao Cheng
author_sort Yi Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) is a first-generation antihistamine that is frequently used to treat allergic reactions. However, excessive consumption presents potential health risks. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a quick and precise technique for identifying CPM levels. In this study, nickel cobalt phosphide (NiCoP), a binary metal phosphide, was successfully incorporated into carbon nanofibers. This involved creating a pore structure by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a pore-forming template to a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrate via electrostatic spinning. An innovative electrochemiluminescent sensor for CPM detection was constructed using NiCoP/PVP/PAN carbon nanofibers (NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs). Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical behavior of CPM was studied using NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNF-modified working electrodes. These findings demonstrate that the three-dimensional porous network architecture of NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs enhances the conductive properties of the material. Consequently, an electrochemical optical sensor fabricated using this structure exhibited remarkable performance. The linear detection range of the sensor was 1 × 10<sup>−8</sup>–7 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mol/L, and the detection limit was 7.8 × 10<sup>−10</sup> mol/L. When human urine and serum samples were examined, the sensor was found to have a high recovery rate (94.35–103.36%), which is promising for practical applications.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-c4e903aecc9f4aed9d8d8d3c46d5ff592025-08-20T03:27:38ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013012260310.3390/molecules30122603Rapid Detection of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs Electrochemiluminescence SensorYi Zhang0Jiayu Zhao1Jiaxing Chen2Tingfan Tang3Hao Cheng4School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, ChinaSchool of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi Liuzhou Luosifen Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, ChinaChlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) is a first-generation antihistamine that is frequently used to treat allergic reactions. However, excessive consumption presents potential health risks. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a quick and precise technique for identifying CPM levels. In this study, nickel cobalt phosphide (NiCoP), a binary metal phosphide, was successfully incorporated into carbon nanofibers. This involved creating a pore structure by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a pore-forming template to a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrate via electrostatic spinning. An innovative electrochemiluminescent sensor for CPM detection was constructed using NiCoP/PVP/PAN carbon nanofibers (NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs). Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical behavior of CPM was studied using NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNF-modified working electrodes. These findings demonstrate that the three-dimensional porous network architecture of NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs enhances the conductive properties of the material. Consequently, an electrochemical optical sensor fabricated using this structure exhibited remarkable performance. The linear detection range of the sensor was 1 × 10<sup>−8</sup>–7 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mol/L, and the detection limit was 7.8 × 10<sup>−10</sup> mol/L. When human urine and serum samples were examined, the sensor was found to have a high recovery rate (94.35–103.36%), which is promising for practical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2603electrostatically spun filmporous carbon nanofiberNiCoPpolyacrylonitrileelectrochemiluminescence
spellingShingle Yi Zhang
Jiayu Zhao
Jiaxing Chen
Tingfan Tang
Hao Cheng
Rapid Detection of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs Electrochemiluminescence Sensor
Molecules
electrostatically spun film
porous carbon nanofiber
NiCoP
polyacrylonitrile
electrochemiluminescence
title Rapid Detection of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs Electrochemiluminescence Sensor
title_full Rapid Detection of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs Electrochemiluminescence Sensor
title_fullStr Rapid Detection of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs Electrochemiluminescence Sensor
title_full_unstemmed Rapid Detection of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs Electrochemiluminescence Sensor
title_short Rapid Detection of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on NiCoP/PVP/PAN/CNFs Electrochemiluminescence Sensor
title_sort rapid detection of chlorpheniramine maleate in human blood and urine samples based on nicop pvp pan cnfs electrochemiluminescence sensor
topic electrostatically spun film
porous carbon nanofiber
NiCoP
polyacrylonitrile
electrochemiluminescence
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2603
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