XRISM Reveals Low Nonthermal Pressure in the Core of the Hot, Relaxed Galaxy Cluster A2029
We present XRISM Resolve observations of the core of the hot, relaxed galaxy cluster Abell 2029 (A2029). We find that the line-of-sight bulk velocity of the intracluster medium (ICM) within the central 180 kpc is at rest with respect to the brightest cluster galaxy, with a 3 σ upper limit of ∣ v _bu...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ada7cd |
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| author | XRISM Collaboration Marc Audard Hisamitsu Awaki Ralf Ballhausen Aya Bamba Ehud Behar Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin Laura Brenneman Gregory V. Brown Lia Corrales Elisa Costantini Renata Cumbee Maria Diaz Trigo Chris Done Tadayasu Dotani Ken Ebisawa Megan E. Eckart Dominique Eckert Satoshi Eguchi Teruaki Enoto Yuichiro Ezoe Adam Foster Ryuichi Fujimoto Yutaka Fujita Yasushi Fukazawa Kotaro Fukushima Akihiro Furuzawa Luigi Gallo Javier A. García Liyi Gu Matteo Guainazzi Kouichi Hagino Kenji Hamaguchi Isamu Hatsukade Katsuhiro Hayashi Takayuki Hayashi Natalie Hell Edmund Hodges-Kluck Ann Hornschemeier Yuto Ichinohe Manabu Ishida Kumi Ishikawa Yoshitaka Ishisaki Jelle Kaastra Timothy Kallman Erin Kara Satoru Katsuda Yoshiaki Kanemaru Richard Kelley Caroline Kilbourne Shunji Kitamoto Shogo Kobayashi Takayoshi Kohmura Aya Kubota Maurice Leutenegger Michael Loewenstein Yoshitomo Maeda Maxim Markevitch Hironori Matsumoto Kyoko Matsushita Dan McCammon Brian McNamara François Mernier Eric D. Miller Jon M. Miller Ikuyuki Mitsuishi Misaki Mizumoto Tsunefumi Mizuno Koji Mori Koji Mukai Hiroshi Murakami Richard Mushotzky Hiroshi Nakajima Kazuhiro Nakazawa Jan-Uwe Ness Kumiko Nobukawa Masayoshi Nobukawa Hirofumi Noda Hirokazu Odaka Shoji Ogawa Anna Ogorzalek Takashi Okajima Naomi Ota Stephane Paltani Robert Petre Paul Plucinsky Frederick S. Porter Katja Pottschmidt Kosuke Sato Toshiki Sato Makoto Sawada Hiromi Seta Megumi Shidatsu Aurora Simionescu Randall Smith Hiromasa Suzuki Andrew Szymkowiak Hiromitsu Takahashi Mai Takeo Toru Tamagawa Keisuke Tamura Takaaki Tanaka Atsushi Tanimoto Makoto Tashiro Yukikatsu Terada Yuichi Terashima Yohko Tsuboi Masahiro Tsujimoto Hiroshi Tsunemi Takeshi Tsuru Hiroyuki Uchida Nagomi Uchida Yuusuke Uchida Hideki Uchiyama Yoshihiro Ueda Shinichiro Uno Jacco Vink Shin Watanabe Brian J. Williams Satoshi Yamada Shinya Yamada Hiroya Yamaguchi Kazutaka Yamaoka Noriko Yamasaki Makoto Yamauchi Shigeo Yamauchi Tahir Yaqoob Tomokage Yoneyama Tessei Yoshida Mihoko Yukita Irina Zhuravleva Tommaso Bartalesi Stefano Ettori Roman Kosarzycki Lorenzo Lovisari Tom Rose Arnab Sarkar Ming Sun Prathamesh Tamhane |
| author_facet | XRISM Collaboration Marc Audard Hisamitsu Awaki Ralf Ballhausen Aya Bamba Ehud Behar Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin Laura Brenneman Gregory V. Brown Lia Corrales Elisa Costantini Renata Cumbee Maria Diaz Trigo Chris Done Tadayasu Dotani Ken Ebisawa Megan E. Eckart Dominique Eckert Satoshi Eguchi Teruaki Enoto Yuichiro Ezoe Adam Foster Ryuichi Fujimoto Yutaka Fujita Yasushi Fukazawa Kotaro Fukushima Akihiro Furuzawa Luigi Gallo Javier A. García Liyi Gu Matteo Guainazzi Kouichi Hagino Kenji Hamaguchi Isamu Hatsukade Katsuhiro Hayashi Takayuki Hayashi Natalie Hell Edmund Hodges-Kluck Ann Hornschemeier Yuto Ichinohe Manabu Ishida Kumi Ishikawa Yoshitaka Ishisaki Jelle Kaastra Timothy Kallman Erin Kara Satoru Katsuda Yoshiaki Kanemaru Richard Kelley Caroline Kilbourne Shunji Kitamoto Shogo Kobayashi Takayoshi Kohmura Aya Kubota Maurice Leutenegger Michael Loewenstein Yoshitomo Maeda Maxim Markevitch Hironori Matsumoto Kyoko Matsushita Dan McCammon Brian McNamara François Mernier Eric D. Miller Jon M. Miller Ikuyuki Mitsuishi Misaki Mizumoto Tsunefumi Mizuno Koji Mori Koji Mukai Hiroshi Murakami Richard Mushotzky Hiroshi Nakajima Kazuhiro Nakazawa Jan-Uwe Ness Kumiko Nobukawa Masayoshi Nobukawa Hirofumi Noda Hirokazu Odaka Shoji Ogawa Anna Ogorzalek Takashi Okajima Naomi Ota Stephane Paltani Robert Petre Paul Plucinsky Frederick S. Porter Katja Pottschmidt Kosuke Sato Toshiki Sato Makoto Sawada Hiromi Seta Megumi Shidatsu Aurora Simionescu Randall Smith Hiromasa Suzuki Andrew Szymkowiak Hiromitsu Takahashi Mai Takeo Toru Tamagawa Keisuke Tamura Takaaki Tanaka Atsushi Tanimoto Makoto Tashiro Yukikatsu Terada Yuichi Terashima Yohko Tsuboi Masahiro Tsujimoto Hiroshi Tsunemi Takeshi Tsuru Hiroyuki Uchida Nagomi Uchida Yuusuke Uchida Hideki Uchiyama Yoshihiro Ueda Shinichiro Uno Jacco Vink Shin Watanabe Brian J. Williams Satoshi Yamada Shinya Yamada Hiroya Yamaguchi Kazutaka Yamaoka Noriko Yamasaki Makoto Yamauchi Shigeo Yamauchi Tahir Yaqoob Tomokage Yoneyama Tessei Yoshida Mihoko Yukita Irina Zhuravleva Tommaso Bartalesi Stefano Ettori Roman Kosarzycki Lorenzo Lovisari Tom Rose Arnab Sarkar Ming Sun Prathamesh Tamhane |
| author_sort | XRISM Collaboration |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present XRISM Resolve observations of the core of the hot, relaxed galaxy cluster Abell 2029 (A2029). We find that the line-of-sight bulk velocity of the intracluster medium (ICM) within the central 180 kpc is at rest with respect to the brightest cluster galaxy, with a 3 σ upper limit of ∣ v _bulk ∣ < 100 km s ^−1 . We robustly measure the field-integrated ICM velocity dispersion to be σ _v = 169 ± 10 km s ^−1 , obtaining similar results for both single-temperature and two-temperature plasma models to account for the cluster cool core. This result, if ascribed to isotropic turbulence, implies a subsonic ICM with Mach number ${{ \mathcal M }}_{3{\rm{D}}}\approx 0.22$ and a nonthermal pressure fraction of 2.6 ± 0.3%. The turbulent velocity is similar to what was measured in the core of the Perseus cluster by Hitomi, but here in a more massive cluster with an ICM temperature of 7 keV, the limit on the nonthermal pressure fraction is even more stringent. Our result is consistent with expectations from simulations of relaxed clusters, but it is on the low end of the predicted distribution, indicating that A2029 is an exceptionally relaxed cluster with no significant impacts from either a recent minor merger or active galactic nucleus activity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4c3241e6b474274b4840c100b1f80d0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4c3241e6b474274b4840c100b1f80d02025-08-20T02:53:03ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019821L510.3847/2041-8213/ada7cdXRISM Reveals Low Nonthermal Pressure in the Core of the Hot, Relaxed Galaxy Cluster A2029XRISM CollaborationMarc Audard0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4721-034XHisamitsu Awaki1Ralf Ballhausen2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1118-8470Aya Bamba3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0890-4920Ehud Behar4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-4873Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-599XLaura Brenneman6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-1954Gregory V. Brown7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-9445Lia Corrales8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5466-3817Elisa Costantini9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-749XRenata Cumbee10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-295XMaria Diaz Trigo11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-4279Chris Done12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-7239Tadayasu Dotani13Ken Ebisawa14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-7178Megan E. Eckart15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3894-5889Dominique Eckert16https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7917-3892Satoshi Eguchi17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-9336Teruaki Enoto18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1244-3100Yuichiro Ezoe19Adam Foster20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-8886Ryuichi Fujimoto21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-7073Yutaka Fujita22https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-9719Yasushi Fukazawa23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-8837Kotaro Fukushima24https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-7113Akihiro Furuzawa25Luigi Gallo26https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4968-7108Javier A. García27https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3828-2448Liyi Gu28https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9911-7038Matteo Guainazzi29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-3147Kouichi Hagino30https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-5304Kenji Hamaguchi31https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-2779Isamu Hatsukade32https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-3049Katsuhiro Hayashi33https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-6583Takayuki Hayashi34https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6665-2499Natalie Hell35https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3057-1536Edmund Hodges-Kluck36https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-206XAnn Hornschemeier37https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8667-2681Yuto Ichinohe38https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6102-1441Manabu Ishida39Kumi Ishikawa40Yoshitaka Ishisaki41Jelle Kaastra42https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5540-2822Timothy Kallman43https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-6906Erin Kara44https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-0854Satoru Katsuda45https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-7205Yoshiaki Kanemaru46https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-1044Richard Kelley47https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2283-3336Caroline Kilbourne48https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-4103Shunji Kitamoto49https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-7983Shogo Kobayashi50https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7773-9266Takayoshi Kohmura51https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-4512Aya Kubota52Maurice Leutenegger53https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-7595Michael Loewenstein54https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-4029Yoshitomo Maeda55https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9099-5755Maxim Markevitch56https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-4052Hironori Matsumoto57Kyoko Matsushita58https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-0902Dan McCammon59https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5170-4567Brian McNamara60https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-2627François Mernier61https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7031-4772Eric D. Miller62https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-2326Jon M. Miller63https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-7682Ikuyuki Mitsuishi64https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-233XMisaki Mizumoto65https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2161-0361Tsunefumi Mizuno66https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-0296Koji Mori67https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-0369Koji Mukai68https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-8094Hiroshi Murakami69Richard Mushotzky70https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-5446Hiroshi Nakajima71https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6988-3938Kazuhiro Nakazawa72https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2930-350XJan-Uwe Ness73https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-7193Kumiko Nobukawa74https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0726-7862Masayoshi Nobukawa75https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-5363Hirofumi Noda76https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-517XHirokazu Odaka77Shoji Ogawa78https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-0811Anna Ogorzalek79https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-2557Takashi Okajima80https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-3432Naomi Ota81https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-3652Stephane Paltani82https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8108-9179Robert Petre83https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-2041Paul Plucinsky84https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-5823Frederick S. Porter85https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-1119Katja Pottschmidt86https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4656-6881Kosuke Sato87Toshiki Sato88Makoto Sawada89https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2008-6887Hiromi Seta90Megumi Shidatsu91https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-6546Aurora Simionescu92https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-3862Randall Smith93https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-4167Hiromasa Suzuki94https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-6172Andrew Szymkowiak95https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-687XHiromitsu Takahashi96https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-5897Mai Takeo97Toru Tamagawa98https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-6263Keisuke Tamura99Takaaki Tanaka100https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-0368Atsushi Tanimoto101https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-5581Makoto Tashiro102https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5097-1257Yukikatsu Terada103https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-1857Yuichi Terashima104https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-5481Yohko Tsuboi105https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-0024Masahiro Tsujimoto106https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-5556Hiroshi Tsunemi107Takeshi Tsuru108https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5504-4903Hiroyuki Uchida109https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1518-2188Nagomi Uchida110https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-745XYuusuke Uchida111https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-4136Hideki Uchiyama112https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-4021Yoshihiro Ueda113https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-6715Shinichiro Uno114Jacco Vink115https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4708-4219Shin Watanabe116https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0441-7404Brian J. Williams117https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2063-381XSatoshi Yamada118https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-3081Shinya Yamada119https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-893XHiroya Yamaguchi120https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-6085Kazutaka Yamaoka121https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-0980Noriko Yamasaki122https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4885-5537Makoto Yamauchi123https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-1423Shigeo Yamauchi124Tahir Yaqoob125Tomokage Yoneyama126Tessei Yoshida127Mihoko Yukita128https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-3459Irina Zhuravleva129https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-8085Tommaso Bartalesi130https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5838-2213Stefano Ettori131https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4117-8617Roman Kosarzycki132Lorenzo Lovisari133https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-2415Tom Rose134https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-2218Arnab Sarkar135https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-1337Ming Sun136https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-0703Prathamesh Tamhane137https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8176-7665Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Versoix CH-1290, SwitzerlandDepartment of Physics, Ehime University , Ehime 790-8577, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Physics, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, JapanDepartment of Physics , Technion, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, IsraelNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USACenter for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, CA 94550, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USASRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Leiden, The NetherlandsNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 , 85748, Garching bei München, GermanyCentre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, University of Durham , Durham DH1 3LE, UKInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanLawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, CA 94550, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Versoix CH-1290, SwitzerlandDepartment of Economics , Kumamoto Gakuen University, Kumamoto 862-8680, JapanDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, JapanDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, JapanCenter for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USAInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, JapanDepartment of Physics, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanDepartment of Physics, Fujita Health University , Aichi 470-1192, JapanDepartment of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary’s University , Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, CanadaNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USASRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Leiden, The NetherlandsEuropean Space Agency (ESA) , European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), 2200 AG Noordwijk, The NetherlandsDepartment of Physics, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USAFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, CA 94550, USANASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USANASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USARIKEN Nishina Center , Saitama 351-0198, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, JapanDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, JapanSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden , P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The NetherlandsNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, USA ; milleric@mit.eduDepartment of Physics, Saitama University , Saitama 338-8570, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USANASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Physics, Rikkyo University , Tokyo 171-8501, JapanFaculty of Physics, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo 162-8601, JapanFaculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Chiba 278-8510, JapanDepartment of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology , Saitama 337-8570, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University , Osaka 560-0043, JapanFaculty of Physics, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo 162-8601, JapanDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin , WI 53706, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, USA ; milleric@mit.eduDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Physics, Nagoya University , Aichi 464-8602, JapanScience Research Education Unit, University of Teacher Education Fukuoka , Fukuoka 811-4192, JapanHiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USADepartment of Data Science, Tohoku Gakuin University , Miyagi 984-8588, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USACollege of Science and Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University , Kanagawa 236-8501, JapanDepartment of Physics, Nagoya University , Aichi 464-8602, JapanEuropean Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) , E-28692 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, KINDAI University , Osaka 577-8502, JapanDepartment of Teacher Training and School Education, Nara University of Education , Nara 630-8528, JapanAstronomical Institute, Tohoku University , Miyagi 980-8578, JapanDepartment of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University , Osaka 560-0043, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USANASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Physics, Nara Women’s University , Nara 630-8506, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Versoix CH-1290, SwitzerlandNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USACenter for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USANASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USANASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USADepartment of Physics, Saitama University , Saitama 338-8570, JapanSchool of Science and Technology, Meiji University , Kanagawa, 214-8571, JapanDepartment of Physics, Rikkyo University , Tokyo 171-8501, JapanDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, JapanDepartment of Physics, Ehime University , Ehime 790-8577, JapanSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Leiden, The NetherlandsCenter for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USAInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanYale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University , CT 06520-8121, USADepartment of Physics, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanDepartment of Physics, Saitama University , Saitama 338-8570, JapanRIKEN Nishina Center , Saitama 351-0198, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USADepartment of Physics, Konan University , Hyogo 658-8501, JapanGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima, 890-8580, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan; Department of Physics, Saitama University , Saitama 338-8570, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan; Department of Physics, Saitama University , Saitama 338-8570, JapanDepartment of Physics, Ehime University , Ehime 790-8577, JapanDepartment of Physics, Chuo University , Tokyo 112-8551, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanDepartment of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University , Osaka 560-0043, JapanDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, JapanDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanFaculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Chiba 278-8510, JapanFaculty of Education, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka 422-8529, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, JapanNihon Fukushi University , Shizuoka 422-8529, JapanSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Leiden, The Netherlands; Anton Pannekoek Institute, the University of Amsterdam, Postbus 942491090 GE Amsterdam, The NetherlandsInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USARIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Saitama 351-0198, JapanDepartment of Physics, Rikkyo University , Tokyo 171-8501, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanDepartment of Physics, Nagoya University , Aichi 464-8602, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University , Nara 630-8506, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA / GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USADepartment of Physics, Chuo University , Tokyo 112-8551, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Johns Hopkins University , MD 21218, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USADipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”—Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna , I-40129 Bologna, Italy; INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio , 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio , 40129 Bologna, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Bologna , 40127 Bologna, ItalyNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Physics, The George Washington University , Washington, DC 20052, USACenter for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio , 40129 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, USA ; milleric@mit.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville, AL 35899, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville, AL 35899, USAWe present XRISM Resolve observations of the core of the hot, relaxed galaxy cluster Abell 2029 (A2029). We find that the line-of-sight bulk velocity of the intracluster medium (ICM) within the central 180 kpc is at rest with respect to the brightest cluster galaxy, with a 3 σ upper limit of ∣ v _bulk ∣ < 100 km s ^−1 . We robustly measure the field-integrated ICM velocity dispersion to be σ _v = 169 ± 10 km s ^−1 , obtaining similar results for both single-temperature and two-temperature plasma models to account for the cluster cool core. This result, if ascribed to isotropic turbulence, implies a subsonic ICM with Mach number ${{ \mathcal M }}_{3{\rm{D}}}\approx 0.22$ and a nonthermal pressure fraction of 2.6 ± 0.3%. The turbulent velocity is similar to what was measured in the core of the Perseus cluster by Hitomi, but here in a more massive cluster with an ICM temperature of 7 keV, the limit on the nonthermal pressure fraction is even more stringent. Our result is consistent with expectations from simulations of relaxed clusters, but it is on the low end of the predicted distribution, indicating that A2029 is an exceptionally relaxed cluster with no significant impacts from either a recent minor merger or active galactic nucleus activity.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ada7cdGalaxy clustersIntracluster mediumHigh resolution spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | XRISM Collaboration Marc Audard Hisamitsu Awaki Ralf Ballhausen Aya Bamba Ehud Behar Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin Laura Brenneman Gregory V. Brown Lia Corrales Elisa Costantini Renata Cumbee Maria Diaz Trigo Chris Done Tadayasu Dotani Ken Ebisawa Megan E. Eckart Dominique Eckert Satoshi Eguchi Teruaki Enoto Yuichiro Ezoe Adam Foster Ryuichi Fujimoto Yutaka Fujita Yasushi Fukazawa Kotaro Fukushima Akihiro Furuzawa Luigi Gallo Javier A. García Liyi Gu Matteo Guainazzi Kouichi Hagino Kenji Hamaguchi Isamu Hatsukade Katsuhiro Hayashi Takayuki Hayashi Natalie Hell Edmund Hodges-Kluck Ann Hornschemeier Yuto Ichinohe Manabu Ishida Kumi Ishikawa Yoshitaka Ishisaki Jelle Kaastra Timothy Kallman Erin Kara Satoru Katsuda Yoshiaki Kanemaru Richard Kelley Caroline Kilbourne Shunji Kitamoto Shogo Kobayashi Takayoshi Kohmura Aya Kubota Maurice Leutenegger Michael Loewenstein Yoshitomo Maeda Maxim Markevitch Hironori Matsumoto Kyoko Matsushita Dan McCammon Brian McNamara François Mernier Eric D. Miller Jon M. Miller Ikuyuki Mitsuishi Misaki Mizumoto Tsunefumi Mizuno Koji Mori Koji Mukai Hiroshi Murakami Richard Mushotzky Hiroshi Nakajima Kazuhiro Nakazawa Jan-Uwe Ness Kumiko Nobukawa Masayoshi Nobukawa Hirofumi Noda Hirokazu Odaka Shoji Ogawa Anna Ogorzalek Takashi Okajima Naomi Ota Stephane Paltani Robert Petre Paul Plucinsky Frederick S. Porter Katja Pottschmidt Kosuke Sato Toshiki Sato Makoto Sawada Hiromi Seta Megumi Shidatsu Aurora Simionescu Randall Smith Hiromasa Suzuki Andrew Szymkowiak Hiromitsu Takahashi Mai Takeo Toru Tamagawa Keisuke Tamura Takaaki Tanaka Atsushi Tanimoto Makoto Tashiro Yukikatsu Terada Yuichi Terashima Yohko Tsuboi Masahiro Tsujimoto Hiroshi Tsunemi Takeshi Tsuru Hiroyuki Uchida Nagomi Uchida Yuusuke Uchida Hideki Uchiyama Yoshihiro Ueda Shinichiro Uno Jacco Vink Shin Watanabe Brian J. Williams Satoshi Yamada Shinya Yamada Hiroya Yamaguchi Kazutaka Yamaoka Noriko Yamasaki Makoto Yamauchi Shigeo Yamauchi Tahir Yaqoob Tomokage Yoneyama Tessei Yoshida Mihoko Yukita Irina Zhuravleva Tommaso Bartalesi Stefano Ettori Roman Kosarzycki Lorenzo Lovisari Tom Rose Arnab Sarkar Ming Sun Prathamesh Tamhane XRISM Reveals Low Nonthermal Pressure in the Core of the Hot, Relaxed Galaxy Cluster A2029 The Astrophysical Journal Letters Galaxy clusters Intracluster medium High resolution spectroscopy |
| title | XRISM Reveals Low Nonthermal Pressure in the Core of the Hot, Relaxed Galaxy Cluster A2029 |
| title_full | XRISM Reveals Low Nonthermal Pressure in the Core of the Hot, Relaxed Galaxy Cluster A2029 |
| title_fullStr | XRISM Reveals Low Nonthermal Pressure in the Core of the Hot, Relaxed Galaxy Cluster A2029 |
| title_full_unstemmed | XRISM Reveals Low Nonthermal Pressure in the Core of the Hot, Relaxed Galaxy Cluster A2029 |
| title_short | XRISM Reveals Low Nonthermal Pressure in the Core of the Hot, Relaxed Galaxy Cluster A2029 |
| title_sort | xrism reveals low nonthermal pressure in the core of the hot relaxed galaxy cluster a2029 |
| topic | Galaxy clusters Intracluster medium High resolution spectroscopy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ada7cd |
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