Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)
Fruits and leaves of Persia americana are used in traditional medical practices. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiabetic effects of the leaf extracts from P. americana. The antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts were evaluated against Klebsiella...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2020-01-01
|
| Series: | Biochemistry Research International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8884300 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832566503981973504 |
|---|---|
| author | Mercy Makopa Benjamin Mangiza Benjamin Banda Winnie Mozirandi Molly Mombeshora Stanley Mukanganyama |
| author_facet | Mercy Makopa Benjamin Mangiza Benjamin Banda Winnie Mozirandi Molly Mombeshora Stanley Mukanganyama |
| author_sort | Mercy Makopa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fruits and leaves of Persia americana are used in traditional medical practices. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiabetic effects of the leaf extracts from P. americana. The antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts were evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis while antifungal activities were determined against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The antidiabetic potential of the extracts was determined against mammalian α-glucosidase in vitro. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal susceptibility of the microbial strains towards the leaf extracts. S. epidermidis was the most susceptible microbe out of the tested microorganisms. The acetone extract was the most potent extract against S. epidermidis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 μg/mL. At 100 μg/mL, the ethanol:water extract 18% of K. pneumoniae cells remained viable. Cell viability after exposure to the dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol extracts was 28% against C. albicans and 8% against C. tropicalis, respectively. The DCM:methanol and acetone extracts caused membrane damage in S. epidermidis exhibited by protein leakage. Only the acetone extract effected nucleic acid leakage. Screening of extracts’ potential to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase was carried out spectrophotometrically following the production of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol-glucopyranoside (substrate) at a wavelength of 405 nm. Out of all the tested extracts, the methanolic extract showed the best inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase enzyme in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Ki and Kinact values were found to be 1.4 mg/mL and 2.4 U/min, respectively, after incubation for 1 hour. It was concluded that the leaf extracts of P. americana contain phytochemicals with antibacterial, antifungal, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Further studies are required for the identification of the active compounds in the leaf extracts responsible for these observed effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4a353e27bc24168a636b22194f34d91 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-2247 2090-2255 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biochemistry Research International |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4a353e27bc24168a636b22194f34d912025-02-03T01:03:57ZengWileyBiochemistry Research International2090-22472090-22552020-01-01202010.1155/2020/88843008884300Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)Mercy Makopa0Benjamin Mangiza1Benjamin Banda2Winnie Mozirandi3Molly Mombeshora4Stanley Mukanganyama5Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweFruits and leaves of Persia americana are used in traditional medical practices. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiabetic effects of the leaf extracts from P. americana. The antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts were evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis while antifungal activities were determined against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The antidiabetic potential of the extracts was determined against mammalian α-glucosidase in vitro. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal susceptibility of the microbial strains towards the leaf extracts. S. epidermidis was the most susceptible microbe out of the tested microorganisms. The acetone extract was the most potent extract against S. epidermidis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 μg/mL. At 100 μg/mL, the ethanol:water extract 18% of K. pneumoniae cells remained viable. Cell viability after exposure to the dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol extracts was 28% against C. albicans and 8% against C. tropicalis, respectively. The DCM:methanol and acetone extracts caused membrane damage in S. epidermidis exhibited by protein leakage. Only the acetone extract effected nucleic acid leakage. Screening of extracts’ potential to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase was carried out spectrophotometrically following the production of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol-glucopyranoside (substrate) at a wavelength of 405 nm. Out of all the tested extracts, the methanolic extract showed the best inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase enzyme in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Ki and Kinact values were found to be 1.4 mg/mL and 2.4 U/min, respectively, after incubation for 1 hour. It was concluded that the leaf extracts of P. americana contain phytochemicals with antibacterial, antifungal, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Further studies are required for the identification of the active compounds in the leaf extracts responsible for these observed effects.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8884300 |
| spellingShingle | Mercy Makopa Benjamin Mangiza Benjamin Banda Winnie Mozirandi Molly Mombeshora Stanley Mukanganyama Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) Biochemistry Research International |
| title | Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) |
| title_full | Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) |
| title_short | Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) |
| title_sort | antibacterial antifungal and antidiabetic effects of leaf extracts from persea americana mill lauraceae |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8884300 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mercymakopa antibacterialantifungalandantidiabeticeffectsofleafextractsfromperseaamericanamilllauraceae AT benjaminmangiza antibacterialantifungalandantidiabeticeffectsofleafextractsfromperseaamericanamilllauraceae AT benjaminbanda antibacterialantifungalandantidiabeticeffectsofleafextractsfromperseaamericanamilllauraceae AT winniemozirandi antibacterialantifungalandantidiabeticeffectsofleafextractsfromperseaamericanamilllauraceae AT mollymombeshora antibacterialantifungalandantidiabeticeffectsofleafextractsfromperseaamericanamilllauraceae AT stanleymukanganyama antibacterialantifungalandantidiabeticeffectsofleafextractsfromperseaamericanamilllauraceae |