Recent advances of anti-tumor nano-strategies via overturning pH gradient: alkalization and acidification
Abstract The acidic tumor microenvironment, a hallmark of many solid tumors, is primarily induced by the high glycolytic rate of tumor cells. To avoid acidosis, tumor cells ingeniously maintain an acidic extracellular pH while keeping a relatively alkaline intracellular pH. Overturning the unique pH...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03134-2 |
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| author | Qiufang Gong Xuejiao Song Yao Tong Lixuan Huo Xuefen Zhao Yingying Han Wei Shen Jiaxi Ru Xian Shen Chao Liang |
| author_facet | Qiufang Gong Xuejiao Song Yao Tong Lixuan Huo Xuefen Zhao Yingying Han Wei Shen Jiaxi Ru Xian Shen Chao Liang |
| author_sort | Qiufang Gong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The acidic tumor microenvironment, a hallmark of many solid tumors, is primarily induced by the high glycolytic rate of tumor cells. To avoid acidosis, tumor cells ingeniously maintain an acidic extracellular pH while keeping a relatively alkaline intracellular pH. Overturning the unique pH gradient of tumor cells has exhibited to be a viable approach for cancer therapy. In this review, the formation and regulatory mechanisms of the acidic microenvironment in solid tumors will be firstly outlined. Subsequently, we will comprehensively summarize the latest advancements in anti-tumor therapy via using nanomedicines to manipulate the tumor pH gradient, including acidifying intracellular environment and alkalizing extracellular environment. Following this, we will discuss the future potential of strategies employing nanomedicines to reverse tumor pH gradient. This review aims to foster research on therapeutic approaches targeting the pH regulation of solid tumors and holds an optimistic outlook for the future development of this field. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c486ff0454f6497f898f361ae8714b29 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1477-3155 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c486ff0454f6497f898f361ae8714b292025-01-26T12:50:52ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-01-0123112310.1186/s12951-025-03134-2Recent advances of anti-tumor nano-strategies via overturning pH gradient: alkalization and acidificationQiufang Gong0Xuejiao Song1Yao Tong2Lixuan Huo3Xuefen Zhao4Yingying Han5Wei Shen6Jiaxi Ru7Xian Shen8Chao Liang9Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversitySchool of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityInstitute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityInstitute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityInstitute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityInstitute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityInstitute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityInstitute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityInstitute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityAbstract The acidic tumor microenvironment, a hallmark of many solid tumors, is primarily induced by the high glycolytic rate of tumor cells. To avoid acidosis, tumor cells ingeniously maintain an acidic extracellular pH while keeping a relatively alkaline intracellular pH. Overturning the unique pH gradient of tumor cells has exhibited to be a viable approach for cancer therapy. In this review, the formation and regulatory mechanisms of the acidic microenvironment in solid tumors will be firstly outlined. Subsequently, we will comprehensively summarize the latest advancements in anti-tumor therapy via using nanomedicines to manipulate the tumor pH gradient, including acidifying intracellular environment and alkalizing extracellular environment. Following this, we will discuss the future potential of strategies employing nanomedicines to reverse tumor pH gradient. This review aims to foster research on therapeutic approaches targeting the pH regulation of solid tumors and holds an optimistic outlook for the future development of this field.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03134-2Tumor microenvironmentAlkalizationAcidificationNanomedicinesAnti-tumor therapy |
| spellingShingle | Qiufang Gong Xuejiao Song Yao Tong Lixuan Huo Xuefen Zhao Yingying Han Wei Shen Jiaxi Ru Xian Shen Chao Liang Recent advances of anti-tumor nano-strategies via overturning pH gradient: alkalization and acidification Journal of Nanobiotechnology Tumor microenvironment Alkalization Acidification Nanomedicines Anti-tumor therapy |
| title | Recent advances of anti-tumor nano-strategies via overturning pH gradient: alkalization and acidification |
| title_full | Recent advances of anti-tumor nano-strategies via overturning pH gradient: alkalization and acidification |
| title_fullStr | Recent advances of anti-tumor nano-strategies via overturning pH gradient: alkalization and acidification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent advances of anti-tumor nano-strategies via overturning pH gradient: alkalization and acidification |
| title_short | Recent advances of anti-tumor nano-strategies via overturning pH gradient: alkalization and acidification |
| title_sort | recent advances of anti tumor nano strategies via overturning ph gradient alkalization and acidification |
| topic | Tumor microenvironment Alkalization Acidification Nanomedicines Anti-tumor therapy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03134-2 |
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