Herbicide Widespread: The Effects of Pethoxamid on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Steatosis In Vitro
Pethoxamid is a widespread herbicidal product, presenting itself as an extremely flexible active substance and with a high potential for use as an herbicide for preemergence. The emergence of multiple resistance in crops has been addressed using combinations of preemergence and postemergence herbici...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Toxicology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7915795 |
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| author | Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi Antonietta Stellavato Chiara Schiraldi Mariateresa Giuliano |
| author_facet | Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi Antonietta Stellavato Chiara Schiraldi Mariateresa Giuliano |
| author_sort | Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pethoxamid is a widespread herbicidal product, presenting itself as an extremely flexible active substance and with a high potential for use as an herbicide for preemergence. The emergence of multiple resistance in crops has been addressed using combinations of preemergence and postemergence herbicides in the same seeding-harvest cycle. A winning combination of pethoxamid and glyphosate mainly affected the acidobacteria population. Glyphosate scientific literature has demonstrated an observational link between herbicide exposure and liver disease in human subjects. Identifying and ranking the risk to the public that pethoxamid could exert on target organs has not been evaluated so far. Due to similarities to glyphosate, we did look at the effect of pethoxamid on impaired liver cells HepG2, using a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cell model in vitro. Pethoxamid was cytotoxic starting at 1 ppm. Fatty acid accumulation (FA) was enhanced while low doses of pethoxamid slightly decreased LDH protein expression compared to FA-treated HepG2. The same trend was observed for cytochrome c. Based on our data, we can argue that NAFLD hepatic cells react to pethoxamid trying detoxifying strategies, ready to undergo cell death to avoid further degeneration. Downregulation of cytochrome can lead to the hypothesis that pethoxamid should not induce herbicide resistance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c3c8a8875ad34ec98096bcd310fc5fe6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8191 1687-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c3c8a8875ad34ec98096bcd310fc5fe62025-02-03T06:47:05ZengWileyJournal of Toxicology1687-81911687-82052020-01-01202010.1155/2020/79157957915795Herbicide Widespread: The Effects of Pethoxamid on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Steatosis In VitroAnna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi0Antonietta Stellavato1Chiara Schiraldi2Mariateresa Giuliano3Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80131 Naples, ItalyPethoxamid is a widespread herbicidal product, presenting itself as an extremely flexible active substance and with a high potential for use as an herbicide for preemergence. The emergence of multiple resistance in crops has been addressed using combinations of preemergence and postemergence herbicides in the same seeding-harvest cycle. A winning combination of pethoxamid and glyphosate mainly affected the acidobacteria population. Glyphosate scientific literature has demonstrated an observational link between herbicide exposure and liver disease in human subjects. Identifying and ranking the risk to the public that pethoxamid could exert on target organs has not been evaluated so far. Due to similarities to glyphosate, we did look at the effect of pethoxamid on impaired liver cells HepG2, using a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cell model in vitro. Pethoxamid was cytotoxic starting at 1 ppm. Fatty acid accumulation (FA) was enhanced while low doses of pethoxamid slightly decreased LDH protein expression compared to FA-treated HepG2. The same trend was observed for cytochrome c. Based on our data, we can argue that NAFLD hepatic cells react to pethoxamid trying detoxifying strategies, ready to undergo cell death to avoid further degeneration. Downregulation of cytochrome can lead to the hypothesis that pethoxamid should not induce herbicide resistance.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7915795 |
| spellingShingle | Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi Antonietta Stellavato Chiara Schiraldi Mariateresa Giuliano Herbicide Widespread: The Effects of Pethoxamid on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Steatosis In Vitro Journal of Toxicology |
| title | Herbicide Widespread: The Effects of Pethoxamid on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Steatosis In Vitro |
| title_full | Herbicide Widespread: The Effects of Pethoxamid on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Steatosis In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Herbicide Widespread: The Effects of Pethoxamid on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Steatosis In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Herbicide Widespread: The Effects of Pethoxamid on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Steatosis In Vitro |
| title_short | Herbicide Widespread: The Effects of Pethoxamid on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Steatosis In Vitro |
| title_sort | herbicide widespread the effects of pethoxamid on nonalcoholic fatty liver steatosis in vitro |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7915795 |
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