Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients
PurposeImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly changed cancer therapy, improving patient survival rates and clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can result in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associat...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1519082/full |
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| author | Ting Yan Minghui Long Chaoyi Liu Jiwen Zhang Jiwen Zhang Xingyu Wei Xingyu Wei Fei Li Fei Li Dehua Liao |
| author_facet | Ting Yan Minghui Long Chaoyi Liu Jiwen Zhang Jiwen Zhang Xingyu Wei Xingyu Wei Fei Li Fei Li Dehua Liao |
| author_sort | Ting Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly changed cancer therapy, improving patient survival rates and clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can result in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of irAEs in a real-world setting, as well as to assess their effects on optimal therapeutic outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis involved 2523 patients with cancer who received inpatient PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment between January 2018 and December 2022. We documented patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors, treatment modalities, incidences, timing, and severity of irAEs, and efficacy outcomes by reviewing inpatient records. Patients were categorized into an irAEs group and a non-irAEs group, with the former further subdivided into a multiple irAEs group and a single irAE group. Chi-square tests were employed to evaluate differences in baseline characteristics and efficacy outcomes between the irAEs and non-irAEs groups, as well as between the multiple and single irAE groups. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify risk factors linked to irAEs.ResultsAmong 2523 eligible patients, 1096 reported 1802 irAEs, with an incidence incidence of 43.4%. Among 1096 individuals, 92.1% were classified as grade 1–2, while 7.9% were grade 3 or higher. IrAEs affected various organ systems, with endocrine toxicity (17.7%), hepatic toxicity (17.2%), and hematologic toxicity (11.4%) being the most common. 20.5% patients experienced multi-system irAEs. The average time for patients to develop irAEs was within four treatment cycles. Significant differences in patient gender, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS), comorbidities, PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors, and treatment modalities were observed between the irAEs and non-irAEs groups, but not between the multiple irAEs and single irAE groups. Compared to the non-irAEs group, the irAEs group exhibited a higher objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), and the multiple irAEs group also showed a higher ORR than the single irAE group.ConclusionThis real-world study indicated that the occurrence of irAEs is related to patient gender, age, ECOG PS, comorbidities, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and treatment modalities. The occurrence of irAEs may be associated with better treatment benefits. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c349800b2a004c21bb017b321bf523e5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c349800b2a004c21bb017b321bf523e52025-01-31T06:40:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-01-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15190821519082Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patientsTing Yan0Minghui Long1Chaoyi Liu2Jiwen Zhang3Jiwen Zhang4Xingyu Wei5Xingyu Wei6Fei Li7Fei Li8Dehua Liao9Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Information, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaPurposeImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly changed cancer therapy, improving patient survival rates and clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can result in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of irAEs in a real-world setting, as well as to assess their effects on optimal therapeutic outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis involved 2523 patients with cancer who received inpatient PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment between January 2018 and December 2022. We documented patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors, treatment modalities, incidences, timing, and severity of irAEs, and efficacy outcomes by reviewing inpatient records. Patients were categorized into an irAEs group and a non-irAEs group, with the former further subdivided into a multiple irAEs group and a single irAE group. Chi-square tests were employed to evaluate differences in baseline characteristics and efficacy outcomes between the irAEs and non-irAEs groups, as well as between the multiple and single irAE groups. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify risk factors linked to irAEs.ResultsAmong 2523 eligible patients, 1096 reported 1802 irAEs, with an incidence incidence of 43.4%. Among 1096 individuals, 92.1% were classified as grade 1–2, while 7.9% were grade 3 or higher. IrAEs affected various organ systems, with endocrine toxicity (17.7%), hepatic toxicity (17.2%), and hematologic toxicity (11.4%) being the most common. 20.5% patients experienced multi-system irAEs. The average time for patients to develop irAEs was within four treatment cycles. Significant differences in patient gender, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS), comorbidities, PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors, and treatment modalities were observed between the irAEs and non-irAEs groups, but not between the multiple irAEs and single irAE groups. Compared to the non-irAEs group, the irAEs group exhibited a higher objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), and the multiple irAEs group also showed a higher ORR than the single irAE group.ConclusionThis real-world study indicated that the occurrence of irAEs is related to patient gender, age, ECOG PS, comorbidities, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and treatment modalities. The occurrence of irAEs may be associated with better treatment benefits.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1519082/fullPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitorsimmune-related adverse eventsreal-world studyefficacytumor therapyretrospective analysis |
| spellingShingle | Ting Yan Minghui Long Chaoyi Liu Jiwen Zhang Jiwen Zhang Xingyu Wei Xingyu Wei Fei Li Fei Li Dehua Liao Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients Frontiers in Pharmacology PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors immune-related adverse events real-world study efficacy tumor therapy retrospective analysis |
| title | Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients |
| title_full | Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients |
| title_fullStr | Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients |
| title_short | Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients |
| title_sort | immune related adverse events with pd 1 pd l1 inhibitors insights from a real world cohort of 2523 patients |
| topic | PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors immune-related adverse events real-world study efficacy tumor therapy retrospective analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1519082/full |
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