Association between vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory markers, and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition influenced by various biochemical, anatomical, and lifestyle factors. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in OA, but its role in disease severity and associated symptoms remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prevalence...

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Main Authors: Khaled Swailem, Mohammed Sadhan, Gehad Abdullah Al-Mashramah, Mohammed Ali Saghir
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05805-0
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author Khaled Swailem
Mohammed Sadhan
Gehad Abdullah Al-Mashramah
Mohammed Ali Saghir
author_facet Khaled Swailem
Mohammed Sadhan
Gehad Abdullah Al-Mashramah
Mohammed Ali Saghir
author_sort Khaled Swailem
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition influenced by various biochemical, anatomical, and lifestyle factors. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in OA, but its role in disease severity and associated symptoms remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in knee OA patients and its relationship with inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 986 patients with knee OA over a 3.5-year period. Vitamin D levels, ESR, and platelet counts were assessed, along with demographic and clinical data. Statistical analyses were conducted to explore associations. Result This study involved 986 patients with knee OA, majority of them (85% ) were female with mean age 52.95 ± 12.44 years. More than half of patients 59.7% had unilateral knee OA and 40.3% had bilateral knee OA. The mean value of Vitamin D3 was 25.35 ± 14.125. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 70.9% of patients, with moderate deficiency being most prevalent (36.94%). No significant association was found between vitamin D levels and inflammatory markers. However, a strong association was observed between vitamin D deficiency and symptoms like polyarthralgia (p < .05)., Bilateral OA was associated with higher vitamin D deficiency levels compared to unilateral OA (P < .001). Conclusion OA more prevalence among female .As well as, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in knee OA patients and its severity associated with Bilateral OA and polyarthralgia but not with inflammatory markers. Future research should focus on the long-term impact of vitamin D supplementation and the molecular mechanisms underlying these disparities.
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spelling doaj-art-c290d9961baa40508bb5ad9c3bbba1d42025-08-24T11:40:22ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2025-08-012011810.1186/s13018-025-05805-0Association between vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory markers, and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective studyKhaled Swailem0Mohammed Sadhan1Gehad Abdullah Al-Mashramah2Mohammed Ali Saghir3Orthopedic Surgery, Constant & Head of Orthopedic Surgery Department, Sana’a University, General Coordinator of Arab Board of Orthopedic Surgery, Al-Thawra Modern General HospitalOrthopedic Surgery, Trainer of Orthopedic Surgery Department, Sana’a University, Al-Thawra Modern General HospitalResident at Level 3 of Arab Board of Orthopedic Surgery Department, Resident of Orthopedic Surgery Department, MBBS – Dhamar University, Al-Thawra Modern General HospitalMBBS, MPH, MSc Ortho, Resident of Orthopaedic and Trauma SurgeryAbstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition influenced by various biochemical, anatomical, and lifestyle factors. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in OA, but its role in disease severity and associated symptoms remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in knee OA patients and its relationship with inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 986 patients with knee OA over a 3.5-year period. Vitamin D levels, ESR, and platelet counts were assessed, along with demographic and clinical data. Statistical analyses were conducted to explore associations. Result This study involved 986 patients with knee OA, majority of them (85% ) were female with mean age 52.95 ± 12.44 years. More than half of patients 59.7% had unilateral knee OA and 40.3% had bilateral knee OA. The mean value of Vitamin D3 was 25.35 ± 14.125. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 70.9% of patients, with moderate deficiency being most prevalent (36.94%). No significant association was found between vitamin D levels and inflammatory markers. However, a strong association was observed between vitamin D deficiency and symptoms like polyarthralgia (p < .05)., Bilateral OA was associated with higher vitamin D deficiency levels compared to unilateral OA (P < .001). Conclusion OA more prevalence among female .As well as, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in knee OA patients and its severity associated with Bilateral OA and polyarthralgia but not with inflammatory markers. Future research should focus on the long-term impact of vitamin D supplementation and the molecular mechanisms underlying these disparities.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05805-0Knee osteoarthritisVitamin DPrevalenceInflammatory markersYemen
spellingShingle Khaled Swailem
Mohammed Sadhan
Gehad Abdullah Al-Mashramah
Mohammed Ali Saghir
Association between vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory markers, and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Knee osteoarthritis
Vitamin D
Prevalence
Inflammatory markers
Yemen
title Association between vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory markers, and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study
title_full Association between vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory markers, and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study
title_fullStr Association between vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory markers, and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study
title_full_unstemmed Association between vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory markers, and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study
title_short Association between vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory markers, and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study
title_sort association between vitamin d deficiency inflammatory markers and knee osteoarthritis a retrospective study
topic Knee osteoarthritis
Vitamin D
Prevalence
Inflammatory markers
Yemen
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05805-0
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AT gehadabdullahalmashramah associationbetweenvitaminddeficiencyinflammatorymarkersandkneeosteoarthritisaretrospectivestudy
AT mohammedalisaghir associationbetweenvitaminddeficiencyinflammatorymarkersandkneeosteoarthritisaretrospectivestudy