Volatile Organic Compounds, Total Phenolic Content, Color, and Heating Uniformity of Lemon Peel as Affected by Rotational Speed of Turntable During Microwave Drying
In this study, the effects of rotational speed of microwave turntable (0, 6.5, 9.5, and 12.5 rpm) on surface temperature distribution of lemon peels during drying and, on some quality attributes (color, water activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and volatile organic compounds) of dried lemon peel...
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Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3310856 |
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| author | Sevilay San Işıl Barutçu Mazı |
| author_facet | Sevilay San Işıl Barutçu Mazı |
| author_sort | Sevilay San |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the effects of rotational speed of microwave turntable (0, 6.5, 9.5, and 12.5 rpm) on surface temperature distribution of lemon peels during drying and, on some quality attributes (color, water activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and volatile organic compounds) of dried lemon peel powders were investigated. The quality analyses were also performed in freeze-dried peels. During microwave drying with rotation, speed of turntable affected the surface temperature values and TPC depending on the power level but did not exert a clear effect on the homogeneity of the surface temperature distribution and the color parameters. The percentage amount of major monoterpene hydrocarbons (limonene, γ-terpinene, myrcene, p-cymene, and α-p-dimethylstyrene) detected in fresh lemon peel decreased after microwave and freeze-drying. At 600W, formation of furan compounds (furfural, furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 2-acetyl furan, 5-methyl furfural, and HMF) were identified. Microwave drying without rotation (0 rpm) caused uneven heating which led to the production of peel powders with unacceptable dark color especially at 450 and 600W. Drying at 600W-0 rpm gave the darkest color, the highest amount of TPC (1730.7 mg GAE/100g d.b.) and furan compounds. Therefore, microwave drying at low power levels with rotation functionpreserved the quality of lemon peel powder better. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c284239c0c574b2f95c5b8cea4ef32e5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2757-5195 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-c284239c0c574b2f95c5b8cea4ef32e52025-02-05T18:13:03ZengÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityJournal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences2757-51952023-12-019480482110.28979/jarnas.1338375453Volatile Organic Compounds, Total Phenolic Content, Color, and Heating Uniformity of Lemon Peel as Affected by Rotational Speed of Turntable During Microwave DryingSevilay San0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2223-0221Işıl Barutçu Mazı1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-8451ORDU UNIVERSITYOrdu UniversityIn this study, the effects of rotational speed of microwave turntable (0, 6.5, 9.5, and 12.5 rpm) on surface temperature distribution of lemon peels during drying and, on some quality attributes (color, water activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and volatile organic compounds) of dried lemon peel powders were investigated. The quality analyses were also performed in freeze-dried peels. During microwave drying with rotation, speed of turntable affected the surface temperature values and TPC depending on the power level but did not exert a clear effect on the homogeneity of the surface temperature distribution and the color parameters. The percentage amount of major monoterpene hydrocarbons (limonene, γ-terpinene, myrcene, p-cymene, and α-p-dimethylstyrene) detected in fresh lemon peel decreased after microwave and freeze-drying. At 600W, formation of furan compounds (furfural, furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 2-acetyl furan, 5-methyl furfural, and HMF) were identified. Microwave drying without rotation (0 rpm) caused uneven heating which led to the production of peel powders with unacceptable dark color especially at 450 and 600W. Drying at 600W-0 rpm gave the darkest color, the highest amount of TPC (1730.7 mg GAE/100g d.b.) and furan compounds. Therefore, microwave drying at low power levels with rotation functionpreserved the quality of lemon peel powder better.https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3310856lemon peelmicrowave dryingturntable speeduniformitywaste utilizationvolatile compound |
| spellingShingle | Sevilay San Işıl Barutçu Mazı Volatile Organic Compounds, Total Phenolic Content, Color, and Heating Uniformity of Lemon Peel as Affected by Rotational Speed of Turntable During Microwave Drying Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences lemon peel microwave drying turntable speed uniformity waste utilization volatile compound |
| title | Volatile Organic Compounds, Total Phenolic Content, Color, and Heating Uniformity of Lemon Peel as Affected by Rotational Speed of Turntable During Microwave Drying |
| title_full | Volatile Organic Compounds, Total Phenolic Content, Color, and Heating Uniformity of Lemon Peel as Affected by Rotational Speed of Turntable During Microwave Drying |
| title_fullStr | Volatile Organic Compounds, Total Phenolic Content, Color, and Heating Uniformity of Lemon Peel as Affected by Rotational Speed of Turntable During Microwave Drying |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volatile Organic Compounds, Total Phenolic Content, Color, and Heating Uniformity of Lemon Peel as Affected by Rotational Speed of Turntable During Microwave Drying |
| title_short | Volatile Organic Compounds, Total Phenolic Content, Color, and Heating Uniformity of Lemon Peel as Affected by Rotational Speed of Turntable During Microwave Drying |
| title_sort | volatile organic compounds total phenolic content color and heating uniformity of lemon peel as affected by rotational speed of turntable during microwave drying |
| topic | lemon peel microwave drying turntable speed uniformity waste utilization volatile compound |
| url | https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3310856 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sevilaysan volatileorganiccompoundstotalphenoliccontentcolorandheatinguniformityoflemonpeelasaffectedbyrotationalspeedofturntableduringmicrowavedrying AT isılbarutcumazı volatileorganiccompoundstotalphenoliccontentcolorandheatinguniformityoflemonpeelasaffectedbyrotationalspeedofturntableduringmicrowavedrying |