Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enteric Fever in Children
Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars typhi (Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi) and the term enteric fever is generally used to describe both. This study was done to determine the frequency of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) in children diagn...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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ziauddin University
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Online Access: | https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/2603 |
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| author | Sana Ashraf Mehtab Hussain Asma Noreen Falak Abro Nadeem Noor Ramla Rehman |
| author_facet | Sana Ashraf Mehtab Hussain Asma Noreen Falak Abro Nadeem Noor Ramla Rehman |
| author_sort | Sana Ashraf |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars typhi (Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi) and the term enteric fever is generally used to describe both. This study was done to determine the frequency of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) in children diagnosed with enteric fever at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from April 2023 to September 2023. A total of 122 children aged between 2-12 years with an axillary body temperature >38.4 oC for at least 4 days were analyzed. Non-probability convenient sampling method was adopted. Venous blood (3-5 ml) was drawn and sent for confirmation of XDR enteric fever. Effect modifiers were stratified concerning the frequency of XDR enteric fever, and post-stratification, a chi-square test was applied to take p<0.05 as significant.
Results: Out of a total of 122 children, 67 (54.9%) were boys. The mean age was 6.14±2.82 years. Blood culture for was found positive for Salmonella typhi in 82 (67.2%) children. In a total of 82 patients with positive blood culture for enteric fever, XDR was identified in 43 (52.4%) children. Relatively higher duration of fever was significantly associated with positive blood culture cases for Salmonella typhi ((>14 days, p=0.020), and XDR cases (p=0.031). Comparison of mean length of hospital stay (7.27±1.68 vs. 7.77±2.2 days, p=0.103) did not reveal any significant differences among study participants.
Conclusion: A very high prevalence of XDR was found among children diagnosed with enteric fever.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c251a763ca3c4f1591562919ab79460f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2313-7371 2308-2593 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | ziauddin University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-c251a763ca3c4f1591562919ab79460f2025-01-19T20:18:35Zengziauddin UniversityPakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry2313-73712308-25932025-01-0114110.36283/ziun-pjmd14-1/015Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enteric Fever in ChildrenSana Ashraf 0Mehtab Hussain1Asma Noreen2Falak Abro3Nadeem Noor4Ramla Rehman5Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.Madina Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars typhi (Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi) and the term enteric fever is generally used to describe both. This study was done to determine the frequency of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) in children diagnosed with enteric fever at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from April 2023 to September 2023. A total of 122 children aged between 2-12 years with an axillary body temperature >38.4 oC for at least 4 days were analyzed. Non-probability convenient sampling method was adopted. Venous blood (3-5 ml) was drawn and sent for confirmation of XDR enteric fever. Effect modifiers were stratified concerning the frequency of XDR enteric fever, and post-stratification, a chi-square test was applied to take p<0.05 as significant. Results: Out of a total of 122 children, 67 (54.9%) were boys. The mean age was 6.14±2.82 years. Blood culture for was found positive for Salmonella typhi in 82 (67.2%) children. In a total of 82 patients with positive blood culture for enteric fever, XDR was identified in 43 (52.4%) children. Relatively higher duration of fever was significantly associated with positive blood culture cases for Salmonella typhi ((>14 days, p=0.020), and XDR cases (p=0.031). Comparison of mean length of hospital stay (7.27±1.68 vs. 7.77±2.2 days, p=0.103) did not reveal any significant differences among study participants. Conclusion: A very high prevalence of XDR was found among children diagnosed with enteric fever. https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/2603Enteric feverExtensively Drug ResistantBlood CultureHospital StaySalmonella Typhi |
| spellingShingle | Sana Ashraf Mehtab Hussain Asma Noreen Falak Abro Nadeem Noor Ramla Rehman Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enteric Fever in Children Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Enteric fever Extensively Drug Resistant Blood Culture Hospital Stay Salmonella Typhi |
| title | Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enteric Fever in Children |
| title_full | Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enteric Fever in Children |
| title_fullStr | Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enteric Fever in Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enteric Fever in Children |
| title_short | Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enteric Fever in Children |
| title_sort | extensively drug resistant xdr enteric fever in children |
| topic | Enteric fever Extensively Drug Resistant Blood Culture Hospital Stay Salmonella Typhi |
| url | https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/2603 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sanaashraf extensivelydrugresistantxdrentericfeverinchildren AT mehtabhussain extensivelydrugresistantxdrentericfeverinchildren AT asmanoreen extensivelydrugresistantxdrentericfeverinchildren AT falakabro extensivelydrugresistantxdrentericfeverinchildren AT nadeemnoor extensivelydrugresistantxdrentericfeverinchildren AT ramlarehman extensivelydrugresistantxdrentericfeverinchildren |