Immunotherapy biomarkers in brain metastases: insights into tumor microenvironment dynamics

Brain metastases (BM), represent the most common intracranial malignancies in adults and remain a major clinical challenge due to their poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Although immunotherapy has emerged and offers a promising strategy, its efficacy in BM is often compromised by the i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mu Li, Yi Zhang, Duo Yu, Yaoyu Yu, Wenxue Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600261/full
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