Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Road Structural Defects Using GPR Investigation and Back-Projection Algorithm

Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) has demonstrated significant advantages in the non-destructive detection of road structural defects due to its speed, safety, and efficiency. This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method for GPR images, integrating the back-projection (BP) imaging...

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Main Authors: Lutai Wang, Zhen Liu, Xingyu Gu, Danyu Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/162
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author Lutai Wang
Zhen Liu
Xingyu Gu
Danyu Wang
author_facet Lutai Wang
Zhen Liu
Xingyu Gu
Danyu Wang
author_sort Lutai Wang
collection DOAJ
description Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) has demonstrated significant advantages in the non-destructive detection of road structural defects due to its speed, safety, and efficiency. This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method for GPR images, integrating the back-projection (BP) imaging algorithm to accurately determine the size, location, and other parameters of road structural defects. Initially, GPR detection images were preprocessed, including direct wave removal and wavelet denoising, followed by the application of the BP algorithm to effectively restore the defect’s location and size. Subsequently, a 3D data set was constructed through interpolation, and the effective reflection data were extracted by using a clustering algorithm. This algorithm distinguished the effective reflection data from the background data by determining the distance threshold between the data points. The 3D imaging of the defect was then performed in MATLAB. The proposed method was validated using both gprMax simulations and laboratory test models. The experimental results indicate that the correlation between the reconstructed and actual defects was approximately 0.67, demonstrating the method’s efficacy in accurately achieving the 3D reconstruction of road structural defects.
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spelling doaj-art-c202a0ffd05c4e89acaaf1f2b60fc4de2025-08-20T02:47:10ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-0125116210.3390/s25010162Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Road Structural Defects Using GPR Investigation and Back-Projection AlgorithmLutai Wang0Zhen Liu1Xingyu Gu2Danyu Wang3Department of Roadway Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaDepartment of Roadway Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaDepartment of Roadway Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaDepartment of Roadway Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaGround-Penetrating Radar (GPR) has demonstrated significant advantages in the non-destructive detection of road structural defects due to its speed, safety, and efficiency. This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method for GPR images, integrating the back-projection (BP) imaging algorithm to accurately determine the size, location, and other parameters of road structural defects. Initially, GPR detection images were preprocessed, including direct wave removal and wavelet denoising, followed by the application of the BP algorithm to effectively restore the defect’s location and size. Subsequently, a 3D data set was constructed through interpolation, and the effective reflection data were extracted by using a clustering algorithm. This algorithm distinguished the effective reflection data from the background data by determining the distance threshold between the data points. The 3D imaging of the defect was then performed in MATLAB. The proposed method was validated using both gprMax simulations and laboratory test models. The experimental results indicate that the correlation between the reconstructed and actual defects was approximately 0.67, demonstrating the method’s efficacy in accurately achieving the 3D reconstruction of road structural defects.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/162ground-penetrating radarnon-destructive testingthree-dimensional reconstructionBP imaging
spellingShingle Lutai Wang
Zhen Liu
Xingyu Gu
Danyu Wang
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Road Structural Defects Using GPR Investigation and Back-Projection Algorithm
Sensors
ground-penetrating radar
non-destructive testing
three-dimensional reconstruction
BP imaging
title Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Road Structural Defects Using GPR Investigation and Back-Projection Algorithm
title_full Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Road Structural Defects Using GPR Investigation and Back-Projection Algorithm
title_fullStr Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Road Structural Defects Using GPR Investigation and Back-Projection Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Road Structural Defects Using GPR Investigation and Back-Projection Algorithm
title_short Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Road Structural Defects Using GPR Investigation and Back-Projection Algorithm
title_sort three dimensional reconstruction of road structural defects using gpr investigation and back projection algorithm
topic ground-penetrating radar
non-destructive testing
three-dimensional reconstruction
BP imaging
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/162
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AT zhenliu threedimensionalreconstructionofroadstructuraldefectsusinggprinvestigationandbackprojectionalgorithm
AT xingyugu threedimensionalreconstructionofroadstructuraldefectsusinggprinvestigationandbackprojectionalgorithm
AT danyuwang threedimensionalreconstructionofroadstructuraldefectsusinggprinvestigationandbackprojectionalgorithm