HIV and the Gut Microbiota, Partners in Crime: Breaking the Vicious Cycle to Unearth New Therapeutic Targets
The gut microbiota plays a key role in health and immune system education and surveillance. The delicate balance between microbial growth and containment is controlled by the immune system. However, this balance is disrupted in cases of chronic viral infections such as HIV. This virus is capable of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/614127 |
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| _version_ | 1832555953295196160 |
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| author | Kishanda Vyboh Mohammad-Ali Jenabian Vikram Mehraj Jean-Pierre Routy |
| author_facet | Kishanda Vyboh Mohammad-Ali Jenabian Vikram Mehraj Jean-Pierre Routy |
| author_sort | Kishanda Vyboh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gut microbiota plays a key role in health and immune system education and surveillance. The delicate balance between microbial growth and containment is controlled by the immune system. However, this balance is disrupted in cases of chronic viral infections such as HIV. This virus is capable of drastically altering the immune system and gastrointestinal environment leading to significant changes to the gut microbiota and mucosal permeability resulting in microbial translocation from the gut into the peripheral blood. The changes made locally in the gut have far-reaching consequences on the other organs of the body starting in the liver, where microbes and their products are normally filtered out, and extending to the blood and even brain. Microbial translocation and their downstream effects such as increased indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme expression and activity create a self-sustaining feedback loop which enhances HIV disease progression and constitute a vicious cycle of inflammation and immune activation combining viral and bacterial factors. Understanding this self-perpetuating cycle could be a key element in developing new therapies aimed at the gut microbiota and its fallout after infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c1e08ed1b98f4166ae5ea71f7bc60aaf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-c1e08ed1b98f4166ae5ea71f7bc60aaf2025-02-03T05:46:51ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562015-01-01201510.1155/2015/614127614127HIV and the Gut Microbiota, Partners in Crime: Breaking the Vicious Cycle to Unearth New Therapeutic TargetsKishanda Vyboh0Mohammad-Ali Jenabian1Vikram Mehraj2Jean-Pierre Routy3Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, 3650 Saint Urbain, Montreal, QC, H2X 2P4, CanadaChronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, 3650 Saint Urbain, Montreal, QC, H2X 2P4, CanadaChronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, 3650 Saint Urbain, Montreal, QC, H2X 2P4, CanadaChronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, 3650 Saint Urbain, Montreal, QC, H2X 2P4, CanadaThe gut microbiota plays a key role in health and immune system education and surveillance. The delicate balance between microbial growth and containment is controlled by the immune system. However, this balance is disrupted in cases of chronic viral infections such as HIV. This virus is capable of drastically altering the immune system and gastrointestinal environment leading to significant changes to the gut microbiota and mucosal permeability resulting in microbial translocation from the gut into the peripheral blood. The changes made locally in the gut have far-reaching consequences on the other organs of the body starting in the liver, where microbes and their products are normally filtered out, and extending to the blood and even brain. Microbial translocation and their downstream effects such as increased indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme expression and activity create a self-sustaining feedback loop which enhances HIV disease progression and constitute a vicious cycle of inflammation and immune activation combining viral and bacterial factors. Understanding this self-perpetuating cycle could be a key element in developing new therapies aimed at the gut microbiota and its fallout after infection.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/614127 |
| spellingShingle | Kishanda Vyboh Mohammad-Ali Jenabian Vikram Mehraj Jean-Pierre Routy HIV and the Gut Microbiota, Partners in Crime: Breaking the Vicious Cycle to Unearth New Therapeutic Targets Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | HIV and the Gut Microbiota, Partners in Crime: Breaking the Vicious Cycle to Unearth New Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full | HIV and the Gut Microbiota, Partners in Crime: Breaking the Vicious Cycle to Unearth New Therapeutic Targets |
| title_fullStr | HIV and the Gut Microbiota, Partners in Crime: Breaking the Vicious Cycle to Unearth New Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV and the Gut Microbiota, Partners in Crime: Breaking the Vicious Cycle to Unearth New Therapeutic Targets |
| title_short | HIV and the Gut Microbiota, Partners in Crime: Breaking the Vicious Cycle to Unearth New Therapeutic Targets |
| title_sort | hiv and the gut microbiota partners in crime breaking the vicious cycle to unearth new therapeutic targets |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/614127 |
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