Characterization and optimization of cerium oxide nanoparticle-doped cellulose acetate films using the Box-Behnken Design
The demand for UV-absorbing materials has increased due to health concerns and the need for improved protective coatings and packaging. This study develops cellulose acetate (CA) films incorporating cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles (NPs), using acetic acid as a solvent and polyethylene glycol (PEG)...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425002248 |
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| author | Lívia Viana Aguiar de Oliveira Noemi Raquel Checca Huaman Sergio Neves Monteiro Ulisses Oliveira Costa Letícia Vitorazi |
| author_facet | Lívia Viana Aguiar de Oliveira Noemi Raquel Checca Huaman Sergio Neves Monteiro Ulisses Oliveira Costa Letícia Vitorazi |
| author_sort | Lívia Viana Aguiar de Oliveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The demand for UV-absorbing materials has increased due to health concerns and the need for improved protective coatings and packaging. This study develops cellulose acetate (CA) films incorporating cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles (NPs), using acetic acid as a solvent and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a plasticizer, via the casting method. A comprehensive characterization was conducted using SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD, TEM, SAED, EELS, TGA, DSC, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and tensile testing. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to optimize the effects of CeO₂ concentration, PEG content, and drying temperature on mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. The films exhibited enhanced UV absorption, with CeO₂ increasing absorbance at 316 nm, while PEG influenced a nonlinear absorption response at 211 nm. XRD, TEM, and SAED confirmed the high crystallinity of CeO₂, while EELS revealed Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ oxidation states and oxygen vacancies, contributing to UV absorption. Thermal stability improved with CeO₂, with Tg reaching 252.8 °C at 5 wt% CeO₂ (+23.3%), while PEG reduced Tg (213.1 °C) and degradation onset (341.6 °C). Optimized films exhibited superior mechanical properties, achieving 45.39 MPa tensile strength, 2.090 GPa modulus, and 24.38% strain at break, surpassing commercial CA materials. SEM, EDS, and AFM confirmed a well-dispersed CeO₂ phase, reducing surface roughness from 22.3 nm to 8.4 nm. These findings demonstrate that CeO₂-doped CA films offer superior UV protection, mechanical strength, and thermal stability, making them promising for industrial applications. The integration of BBD with advanced nanomaterial characterization provides a data-driven framework for optimizing multifunctional materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c1d31f26561c44f8928fad90948d00df |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c1d31f26561c44f8928fad90948d00df2025-02-03T04:16:45ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-03-013527362754Characterization and optimization of cerium oxide nanoparticle-doped cellulose acetate films using the Box-Behnken DesignLívia Viana Aguiar de Oliveira0Noemi Raquel Checca Huaman1Sergio Neves Monteiro2Ulisses Oliveira Costa3Letícia Vitorazi4Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department of Federal Fluminense University (VMT/UFF), Rio de Janeiro, 27255-125, BrazilBrazilian Center for Physics Research (CBPF), Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, BrazilMaterials Science Department of Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Rio de Janeiro, 22290-270, BrazilMaterials and Metallurgical Engineering Department of Federal Fluminense University (VMT/UFF), Rio de Janeiro, 27255-125, BrazilMaterials and Metallurgical Engineering Department of Federal Fluminense University (VMT/UFF), Rio de Janeiro, 27255-125, Brazil; Corresponding author.The demand for UV-absorbing materials has increased due to health concerns and the need for improved protective coatings and packaging. This study develops cellulose acetate (CA) films incorporating cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles (NPs), using acetic acid as a solvent and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a plasticizer, via the casting method. A comprehensive characterization was conducted using SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD, TEM, SAED, EELS, TGA, DSC, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and tensile testing. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to optimize the effects of CeO₂ concentration, PEG content, and drying temperature on mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. The films exhibited enhanced UV absorption, with CeO₂ increasing absorbance at 316 nm, while PEG influenced a nonlinear absorption response at 211 nm. XRD, TEM, and SAED confirmed the high crystallinity of CeO₂, while EELS revealed Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ oxidation states and oxygen vacancies, contributing to UV absorption. Thermal stability improved with CeO₂, with Tg reaching 252.8 °C at 5 wt% CeO₂ (+23.3%), while PEG reduced Tg (213.1 °C) and degradation onset (341.6 °C). Optimized films exhibited superior mechanical properties, achieving 45.39 MPa tensile strength, 2.090 GPa modulus, and 24.38% strain at break, surpassing commercial CA materials. SEM, EDS, and AFM confirmed a well-dispersed CeO₂ phase, reducing surface roughness from 22.3 nm to 8.4 nm. These findings demonstrate that CeO₂-doped CA films offer superior UV protection, mechanical strength, and thermal stability, making them promising for industrial applications. The integration of BBD with advanced nanomaterial characterization provides a data-driven framework for optimizing multifunctional materials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425002248Cellulose acetateCerium oxideNanocomposite filmBox-Behnken DesignOptimization |
| spellingShingle | Lívia Viana Aguiar de Oliveira Noemi Raquel Checca Huaman Sergio Neves Monteiro Ulisses Oliveira Costa Letícia Vitorazi Characterization and optimization of cerium oxide nanoparticle-doped cellulose acetate films using the Box-Behnken Design Journal of Materials Research and Technology Cellulose acetate Cerium oxide Nanocomposite film Box-Behnken Design Optimization |
| title | Characterization and optimization of cerium oxide nanoparticle-doped cellulose acetate films using the Box-Behnken Design |
| title_full | Characterization and optimization of cerium oxide nanoparticle-doped cellulose acetate films using the Box-Behnken Design |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and optimization of cerium oxide nanoparticle-doped cellulose acetate films using the Box-Behnken Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and optimization of cerium oxide nanoparticle-doped cellulose acetate films using the Box-Behnken Design |
| title_short | Characterization and optimization of cerium oxide nanoparticle-doped cellulose acetate films using the Box-Behnken Design |
| title_sort | characterization and optimization of cerium oxide nanoparticle doped cellulose acetate films using the box behnken design |
| topic | Cellulose acetate Cerium oxide Nanocomposite film Box-Behnken Design Optimization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425002248 |
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