Comparison of Three Solid Phase Materials for the Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from River Water Followed by 2D GC × GC-TOFMS Determination
The extraction and determination of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids as well as their influence on the aromaticity and molecularity relationship of natural organic matter (NOM) in water are reported in this study. Three solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents were used and their extraction effi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Analytical Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6396938 |
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| author | G. O. Bosire J. C. Ngila H. Parshotam |
| author_facet | G. O. Bosire J. C. Ngila H. Parshotam |
| author_sort | G. O. Bosire |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The extraction and determination of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids as well as their influence on the aromaticity and molecularity relationship of natural organic matter (NOM) in water are reported in this study. Three solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents were used and their extraction efficiencies evaluated after chromatographic determinations (using gas chromatography with a time of flight mass spectrometer (GC × GC-TOFMS) and liquid chromatography with organic carbon detector (LC-OCD)). More than 42 carboxylic acids were identified in raw water from the Vaal River, which feeds the Lethabo Power Generation Station, South Africa, with cooling water. The aromatic carboxylic acid efficiency (28%) was achieved by using Strata™ X SPE while the highest aliphatic carboxylic acid efficiency (92.08%) was achieved by silica SPE. The hydrophobic nature of NOM in water depends on the nature of organic compounds in water, whether aromatic or aliphatic. The LC-OCD was used to assess the hydrophobicity levels of NOM as a function of these carboxylic acids in cooling water. The LC-OCD results showed that the aromatic nature of NOM in SPE filtered water followed the order Silica>Strata X>C-18. From the results, the hydrophobicity degree of the samples depended on the type and number of carboxylic acids that were removed by the SPE cartridges. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c179b4303b2a40fc8cd4c3aba64ef2cf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8760 1687-8779 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Analytical Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-c179b4303b2a40fc8cd4c3aba64ef2cf2025-02-03T01:22:49ZengWileyInternational Journal of Analytical Chemistry1687-87601687-87792016-01-01201610.1155/2016/63969386396938Comparison of Three Solid Phase Materials for the Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from River Water Followed by 2D GC × GC-TOFMS DeterminationG. O. Bosire0J. C. Ngila1H. Parshotam2Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaThe extraction and determination of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids as well as their influence on the aromaticity and molecularity relationship of natural organic matter (NOM) in water are reported in this study. Three solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents were used and their extraction efficiencies evaluated after chromatographic determinations (using gas chromatography with a time of flight mass spectrometer (GC × GC-TOFMS) and liquid chromatography with organic carbon detector (LC-OCD)). More than 42 carboxylic acids were identified in raw water from the Vaal River, which feeds the Lethabo Power Generation Station, South Africa, with cooling water. The aromatic carboxylic acid efficiency (28%) was achieved by using Strata™ X SPE while the highest aliphatic carboxylic acid efficiency (92.08%) was achieved by silica SPE. The hydrophobic nature of NOM in water depends on the nature of organic compounds in water, whether aromatic or aliphatic. The LC-OCD was used to assess the hydrophobicity levels of NOM as a function of these carboxylic acids in cooling water. The LC-OCD results showed that the aromatic nature of NOM in SPE filtered water followed the order Silica>Strata X>C-18. From the results, the hydrophobicity degree of the samples depended on the type and number of carboxylic acids that were removed by the SPE cartridges.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6396938 |
| spellingShingle | G. O. Bosire J. C. Ngila H. Parshotam Comparison of Three Solid Phase Materials for the Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from River Water Followed by 2D GC × GC-TOFMS Determination International Journal of Analytical Chemistry |
| title | Comparison of Three Solid Phase Materials for the Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from River Water Followed by 2D GC × GC-TOFMS Determination |
| title_full | Comparison of Three Solid Phase Materials for the Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from River Water Followed by 2D GC × GC-TOFMS Determination |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Three Solid Phase Materials for the Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from River Water Followed by 2D GC × GC-TOFMS Determination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Three Solid Phase Materials for the Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from River Water Followed by 2D GC × GC-TOFMS Determination |
| title_short | Comparison of Three Solid Phase Materials for the Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from River Water Followed by 2D GC × GC-TOFMS Determination |
| title_sort | comparison of three solid phase materials for the extraction of carboxylic acids from river water followed by 2d gc gc tofms determination |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6396938 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gobosire comparisonofthreesolidphasematerialsfortheextractionofcarboxylicacidsfromriverwaterfollowedby2dgcgctofmsdetermination AT jcngila comparisonofthreesolidphasematerialsfortheextractionofcarboxylicacidsfromriverwaterfollowedby2dgcgctofmsdetermination AT hparshotam comparisonofthreesolidphasematerialsfortheextractionofcarboxylicacidsfromriverwaterfollowedby2dgcgctofmsdetermination |