Impact of On-Farm Demonstrations on Technology Adoption, Yield, and Profitability Among Small Farmers of Wheat in Pakistan—An Experimental Study
Do the intensive demonstrations result in consistent technology adoption and yield enhancement? While extension methods show significant immediate effects of an intervention, their impact may fade over time. In a government-led natural experiment in Pakistan, a long-lasting adoption of certified see...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/2/214 |
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| author | Nadia Hussain Keshav Lall Maharjan |
| author_facet | Nadia Hussain Keshav Lall Maharjan |
| author_sort | Nadia Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Do the intensive demonstrations result in consistent technology adoption and yield enhancement? While extension methods show significant immediate effects of an intervention, their impact may fade over time. In a government-led natural experiment in Pakistan, a long-lasting adoption of certified seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides/herbicides in post-treatment years were observed by employing difference–indifferences with a fixed effect method on panel data. The intervention increased the technology adoption in terms of certified seeds by 34%, fertilizers by 15 kg/ha, and pesticides/herbicides by 0.22 L/ha among adopters for four years. Similarly, the wheat yield increased by 0.41 tons per hectare, and profit increased by 12% among the treatment group compared to the control group. In view of these findings, this study suggests continuing this supervised method of extension to other crops in Pakistan. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c155d91ed3c3499090681006876bff77 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-c155d91ed3c3499090681006876bff772025-01-24T13:16:09ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-01-0115221410.3390/agriculture15020214Impact of On-Farm Demonstrations on Technology Adoption, Yield, and Profitability Among Small Farmers of Wheat in Pakistan—An Experimental StudyNadia Hussain0Keshav Lall Maharjan1International Economic Development Program (IEDP), Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences (GSHSS), Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8529, JapanInternational Economic Development Program (IEDP), Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences (GSHSS), Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8529, JapanDo the intensive demonstrations result in consistent technology adoption and yield enhancement? While extension methods show significant immediate effects of an intervention, their impact may fade over time. In a government-led natural experiment in Pakistan, a long-lasting adoption of certified seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides/herbicides in post-treatment years were observed by employing difference–indifferences with a fixed effect method on panel data. The intervention increased the technology adoption in terms of certified seeds by 34%, fertilizers by 15 kg/ha, and pesticides/herbicides by 0.22 L/ha among adopters for four years. Similarly, the wheat yield increased by 0.41 tons per hectare, and profit increased by 12% among the treatment group compared to the control group. In view of these findings, this study suggests continuing this supervised method of extension to other crops in Pakistan.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/2/214on-farm demonstrationscertified seedstechnology adoptionFE-DIDlong-lasting effect |
| spellingShingle | Nadia Hussain Keshav Lall Maharjan Impact of On-Farm Demonstrations on Technology Adoption, Yield, and Profitability Among Small Farmers of Wheat in Pakistan—An Experimental Study Agriculture on-farm demonstrations certified seeds technology adoption FE-DID long-lasting effect |
| title | Impact of On-Farm Demonstrations on Technology Adoption, Yield, and Profitability Among Small Farmers of Wheat in Pakistan—An Experimental Study |
| title_full | Impact of On-Farm Demonstrations on Technology Adoption, Yield, and Profitability Among Small Farmers of Wheat in Pakistan—An Experimental Study |
| title_fullStr | Impact of On-Farm Demonstrations on Technology Adoption, Yield, and Profitability Among Small Farmers of Wheat in Pakistan—An Experimental Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of On-Farm Demonstrations on Technology Adoption, Yield, and Profitability Among Small Farmers of Wheat in Pakistan—An Experimental Study |
| title_short | Impact of On-Farm Demonstrations on Technology Adoption, Yield, and Profitability Among Small Farmers of Wheat in Pakistan—An Experimental Study |
| title_sort | impact of on farm demonstrations on technology adoption yield and profitability among small farmers of wheat in pakistan an experimental study |
| topic | on-farm demonstrations certified seeds technology adoption FE-DID long-lasting effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/2/214 |
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