Curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ-irradiated rats
Abstract Despite the diverse applications of γ radiation in radiotherapy, industrial processes, and sterilization, it causes hazardous effects on living organisms, such as cellular senescence, persistent cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study evaluated the efficacy of curcumin...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87635-y |
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| author | Omnia A. Moselhy Nahed Abdel-Aziz Azza El-bahkery Said S. Moselhy Ehab A. Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Omnia A. Moselhy Nahed Abdel-Aziz Azza El-bahkery Said S. Moselhy Ehab A. Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Omnia A. Moselhy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Despite the diverse applications of γ radiation in radiotherapy, industrial processes, and sterilization, it causes hazardous effects on living organisms, such as cellular senescence, persistent cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study evaluated the efficacy of curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence induced by γ radiation in rat brain tissues. Four groups of male Wistar albino rats (n = 8 per group) were included: (Gr1) the control group; (Gr2) the CNPs group (healthy rats receiving oral administration of curcumin nanoparticles at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, three times per week for eight weeks); (Gr3) the irradiated group (rats exposed to a single dose of 10 Gy head γ irradiation); and (Gr4) the irradiated + CNPs group (irradiated rats treated with CNPs). The data obtained demonstrated that oral administration of CNPs for eight weeks attenuated oxidative stress in γ-irradiated rats by lowering the brain’s lipid peroxidation level [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and enhancing antioxidant markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] (P < 0.05). In addition, CNPs significantly increased mitochondrial function by improving complex I, complex II, and ATP production levels compared to the irradiated group. In irradiated rats, CNPs also showed anti-neuroinflammatory effects by reducing brain interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, CNPs administered to irradiated rats significantly reduced brain β-galactosidase activity and the expression levels of p53, p21, and p16 genes (P < 0.05) while concurrently inducing a significant increase in AMPK mRNA expression compared to the irradiated group. In conclusion, CNPs ameliorated the neurotoxicity of γ radiation and hold promise as a novel agent to delay cellular senescence via their combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial-enhancing properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c128d0d6cbf54dcaaddf20e1089c9556 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-c128d0d6cbf54dcaaddf20e1089c95562025-02-02T12:20:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-87635-yCurcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ-irradiated ratsOmnia A. Moselhy0Nahed Abdel-Aziz1Azza El-bahkery2Said S. Moselhy3Ehab A. Ibrahim4Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityRadiation Biology Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityRadiation Biology Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityAbstract Despite the diverse applications of γ radiation in radiotherapy, industrial processes, and sterilization, it causes hazardous effects on living organisms, such as cellular senescence, persistent cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study evaluated the efficacy of curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence induced by γ radiation in rat brain tissues. Four groups of male Wistar albino rats (n = 8 per group) were included: (Gr1) the control group; (Gr2) the CNPs group (healthy rats receiving oral administration of curcumin nanoparticles at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, three times per week for eight weeks); (Gr3) the irradiated group (rats exposed to a single dose of 10 Gy head γ irradiation); and (Gr4) the irradiated + CNPs group (irradiated rats treated with CNPs). The data obtained demonstrated that oral administration of CNPs for eight weeks attenuated oxidative stress in γ-irradiated rats by lowering the brain’s lipid peroxidation level [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and enhancing antioxidant markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] (P < 0.05). In addition, CNPs significantly increased mitochondrial function by improving complex I, complex II, and ATP production levels compared to the irradiated group. In irradiated rats, CNPs also showed anti-neuroinflammatory effects by reducing brain interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, CNPs administered to irradiated rats significantly reduced brain β-galactosidase activity and the expression levels of p53, p21, and p16 genes (P < 0.05) while concurrently inducing a significant increase in AMPK mRNA expression compared to the irradiated group. In conclusion, CNPs ameliorated the neurotoxicity of γ radiation and hold promise as a novel agent to delay cellular senescence via their combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial-enhancing properties.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87635-yMitochondrial dysfunctionCellular senescenceΒ-galactosidaseAMPKp53-p21/p12 signaling pathway |
| spellingShingle | Omnia A. Moselhy Nahed Abdel-Aziz Azza El-bahkery Said S. Moselhy Ehab A. Ibrahim Curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ-irradiated rats Scientific Reports Mitochondrial dysfunction Cellular senescence Β-galactosidase AMPK p53-p21/p12 signaling pathway |
| title | Curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ-irradiated rats |
| title_full | Curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ-irradiated rats |
| title_fullStr | Curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ-irradiated rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ-irradiated rats |
| title_short | Curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ-irradiated rats |
| title_sort | curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ irradiated rats |
| topic | Mitochondrial dysfunction Cellular senescence Β-galactosidase AMPK p53-p21/p12 signaling pathway |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87635-y |
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