The Effect of Surface Functionalization of Magnesium Alloy on Degradability, Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Antibiofilm Activity
Magnesium alloys are promising biomaterials to be used as temporary implants due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The main limitation in the use of these alloys is their rapid biodegradation. Moreover, the risk of microbial infections, often following the implant surgery and hard to e...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| author | Morena Nocchetti Michela Piccinini Donatella Pietrella Cinzia Antognelli Maurizio Ricci Alessandro Di Michele Layla Jalaoui Valeria Ambrogi |
| author_facet | Morena Nocchetti Michela Piccinini Donatella Pietrella Cinzia Antognelli Maurizio Ricci Alessandro Di Michele Layla Jalaoui Valeria Ambrogi |
| author_sort | Morena Nocchetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Magnesium alloys are promising biomaterials to be used as temporary implants due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The main limitation in the use of these alloys is their rapid biodegradation. Moreover, the risk of microbial infections, often following the implant surgery and hard to eradicate, is another challenge. Thus, with the aim of reducing biodegradability and conferring antibiofilm activity, sheets of the magnesium alloy AZ31 were properly modified with the introduction of hydroxy (polyethyleneoxy)propyl silane (PEG) and quaternary ammonium silane chains (QAS). The derivatized sheets were characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and their performances as concerns their stability, Mg<sup>2+</sup> in vitro release, and in vitro bioactivity were evaluated as well. The results showed an increased stability with a reduction in corrosion, a slower Mg<sup>2+</sup> ion release, and the formation of hydroxyapatite in the sheets’ surface. In addition, cytotoxicity evaluations were carried out on human gingival fibroblasts showing that the AZ31 and AZ31-PEG plates had good cytocompatibility. Finally, the antibiofilm activity on <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> was carried out by evaluating the capacity of inhibition of biofilm adhesion and formation. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in biofilm formation by <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> on AZ31-QAS. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c11387a5959b4b08a337564490231b5d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-c11387a5959b4b08a337564490231b5d2025-01-24T13:36:09ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832025-01-011612210.3390/jfb16010022The Effect of Surface Functionalization of Magnesium Alloy on Degradability, Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Antibiofilm ActivityMorena Nocchetti0Michela Piccinini1Donatella Pietrella2Cinzia Antognelli3Maurizio Ricci4Alessandro Di Michele5Layla Jalaoui6Valeria Ambrogi7Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, ItalyMagnesium alloys are promising biomaterials to be used as temporary implants due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The main limitation in the use of these alloys is their rapid biodegradation. Moreover, the risk of microbial infections, often following the implant surgery and hard to eradicate, is another challenge. Thus, with the aim of reducing biodegradability and conferring antibiofilm activity, sheets of the magnesium alloy AZ31 were properly modified with the introduction of hydroxy (polyethyleneoxy)propyl silane (PEG) and quaternary ammonium silane chains (QAS). The derivatized sheets were characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and their performances as concerns their stability, Mg<sup>2+</sup> in vitro release, and in vitro bioactivity were evaluated as well. The results showed an increased stability with a reduction in corrosion, a slower Mg<sup>2+</sup> ion release, and the formation of hydroxyapatite in the sheets’ surface. In addition, cytotoxicity evaluations were carried out on human gingival fibroblasts showing that the AZ31 and AZ31-PEG plates had good cytocompatibility. Finally, the antibiofilm activity on <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> was carried out by evaluating the capacity of inhibition of biofilm adhesion and formation. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in biofilm formation by <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> on AZ31-QAS.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/1/22magnesium alloybone implantssurface functionalizationstabilityin vitro bioactivitycytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Morena Nocchetti Michela Piccinini Donatella Pietrella Cinzia Antognelli Maurizio Ricci Alessandro Di Michele Layla Jalaoui Valeria Ambrogi The Effect of Surface Functionalization of Magnesium Alloy on Degradability, Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Antibiofilm Activity Journal of Functional Biomaterials magnesium alloy bone implants surface functionalization stability in vitro bioactivity cytotoxicity |
| title | The Effect of Surface Functionalization of Magnesium Alloy on Degradability, Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_full | The Effect of Surface Functionalization of Magnesium Alloy on Degradability, Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Surface Functionalization of Magnesium Alloy on Degradability, Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Surface Functionalization of Magnesium Alloy on Degradability, Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_short | The Effect of Surface Functionalization of Magnesium Alloy on Degradability, Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_sort | effect of surface functionalization of magnesium alloy on degradability bioactivity cytotoxicity and antibiofilm activity |
| topic | magnesium alloy bone implants surface functionalization stability in vitro bioactivity cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/1/22 |
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