Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Travel Itinerary Generation

We propose Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning (PAFL), a novel framework for privacy-preserving personalized travel itinerary generation that dynamically balances privacy and utility through a phase-dependent aggregation mechanism inspired by phase-change materials. (1) PAFL’s primary objective is to...

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Main Authors: Xiaolong Chen, Hongfeng Zhang, Cora Un In Wong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Tourism and Hospitality
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/6/2/100
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author Xiaolong Chen
Hongfeng Zhang
Cora Un In Wong
author_facet Xiaolong Chen
Hongfeng Zhang
Cora Un In Wong
author_sort Xiaolong Chen
collection DOAJ
description We propose Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning (PAFL), a novel framework for privacy-preserving personalized travel itinerary generation that dynamically balances privacy and utility through a phase-dependent aggregation mechanism inspired by phase-change materials. (1) PAFL’s primary objective is to dynamically optimize the privacy–utility trade-off in federated travel recommendation systems through phase-adaptive anonymization. The phase parameter φ ∈ [0, 1] operates as a tunable control variable that continuously adjusts the latent space geometry between differentially private (φ→1) and utility-optimized (φ→0) representations via a thermodynamic-inspired transformation. Conventional federated learning approaches often rely on static privacy-preserving techniques, which either degrade recommendation quality or inadequately protect sensitive user data; PAFL addresses this limitation through three key innovations: a latent-space phase transformer, a differential privacy-gradient inverter with mathematically provable reconstruction bounds (εt ≤ 1.0), and a lightweight sequential transformer. (2) PAFL’s core innovation lies in its phase-adaptive mechanism that dynamically balances privacy preservation through differential privacy and utility maintenance via gradient inversion, governed by the tunable phase parameter φ. Experimental results demonstrate statistically significant improvements, with 18.7% higher HR@10 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and 62% lower membership inference risk compared to state-of-the-art methods, while maintaining εtotal < 2.3 over 100 training rounds. The framework advances federated learning for sensitive recommendation tasks by establishing a new paradigm for adaptive privacy–utility optimization.
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spelling doaj-art-c0f0e60258dc405abc46ecc2e9a4b8242025-08-20T03:29:52ZengMDPI AGTourism and Hospitality2673-57682025-06-016210010.3390/tourhosp6020100Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Travel Itinerary GenerationXiaolong Chen0Hongfeng Zhang1Cora Un In Wong2Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, ChinaFaculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, ChinaFaculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, ChinaWe propose Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning (PAFL), a novel framework for privacy-preserving personalized travel itinerary generation that dynamically balances privacy and utility through a phase-dependent aggregation mechanism inspired by phase-change materials. (1) PAFL’s primary objective is to dynamically optimize the privacy–utility trade-off in federated travel recommendation systems through phase-adaptive anonymization. The phase parameter φ ∈ [0, 1] operates as a tunable control variable that continuously adjusts the latent space geometry between differentially private (φ→1) and utility-optimized (φ→0) representations via a thermodynamic-inspired transformation. Conventional federated learning approaches often rely on static privacy-preserving techniques, which either degrade recommendation quality or inadequately protect sensitive user data; PAFL addresses this limitation through three key innovations: a latent-space phase transformer, a differential privacy-gradient inverter with mathematically provable reconstruction bounds (εt ≤ 1.0), and a lightweight sequential transformer. (2) PAFL’s core innovation lies in its phase-adaptive mechanism that dynamically balances privacy preservation through differential privacy and utility maintenance via gradient inversion, governed by the tunable phase parameter φ. Experimental results demonstrate statistically significant improvements, with 18.7% higher HR@10 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and 62% lower membership inference risk compared to state-of-the-art methods, while maintaining εtotal < 2.3 over 100 training rounds. The framework advances federated learning for sensitive recommendation tasks by establishing a new paradigm for adaptive privacy–utility optimization.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/6/2/100travel recommendationfederated learningpersonalized travel itinerary generationprivacy preservingphase-adaptive federated learning
spellingShingle Xiaolong Chen
Hongfeng Zhang
Cora Un In Wong
Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Travel Itinerary Generation
Tourism and Hospitality
travel recommendation
federated learning
personalized travel itinerary generation
privacy preserving
phase-adaptive federated learning
title Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Travel Itinerary Generation
title_full Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Travel Itinerary Generation
title_fullStr Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Travel Itinerary Generation
title_full_unstemmed Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Travel Itinerary Generation
title_short Phase-Adaptive Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Travel Itinerary Generation
title_sort phase adaptive federated learning for privacy preserving personalized travel itinerary generation
topic travel recommendation
federated learning
personalized travel itinerary generation
privacy preserving
phase-adaptive federated learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/6/2/100
work_keys_str_mv AT xiaolongchen phaseadaptivefederatedlearningforprivacypreservingpersonalizedtravelitinerarygeneration
AT hongfengzhang phaseadaptivefederatedlearningforprivacypreservingpersonalizedtravelitinerarygeneration
AT corauninwong phaseadaptivefederatedlearningforprivacypreservingpersonalizedtravelitinerarygeneration