Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soil
Background The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has received little attention due to the ability of this plant to fix N. However, N deficiency stress is often observed in marginal lands of China, especially in saline–alkali soils. Thus, this study aimed to asses...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Weifan Wan Qian Liu Ke Li Kun Zhao Fei Qi Yuanshuo Li Zhi Sun Haigang Li |
| author_facet | Weifan Wan Qian Liu Ke Li Kun Zhao Fei Qi Yuanshuo Li Zhi Sun Haigang Li |
| author_sort | Weifan Wan |
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| description | Background The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has received little attention due to the ability of this plant to fix N. However, N deficiency stress is often observed in marginal lands of China, especially in saline–alkali soils. Thus, this study aimed to assess the response of alfalfa yield, quality, N fixation, and soil N concentration to N fertilizer application at different stages in saline–alkali soil of Inner Mongolia. A 2-year (2020 and 2021) field experiment with five N fertilizer application rates, namely, 0 (N0), 20 (N20), 60 (N60), 120 (N120) and 180 (N180) kg N ha−1, was conducted in Inner Mongolia. Results The results showed that N fertilizer application of 180 kg ha−1 significantly increased the total alfalfa yield by 29%–32% by improving the stem‒leaf ratio; however, it didn’t lead to a further increase in alfalfa quality. N fertilizer applications of 60 and 120 kg ha−1 significantly improved the crude protein by 10.6%–22.7% and reduced the acid or neutral detergent fiber by 10.0%–18.7% in vegetative and bud stages, respectively, by improving the leaf N concentration. Furthermore, the fraction of N derived from the atmosphere reached 68.6%, with a significant increase in the corresponding amount of N fixed in N60. Soil NO3−-N concentrations significantly increased by 24.1%–33.3%, and NH4+-N concentrations increased by 1 to 3 times when N fertilizer application exceeded 120 kg N ha−1 compared with that in N0. Conclusions Overall, this study revealed the essential role of N fertilizer application at low rates in alfalfa production, as this practice not only increases alfalfa yield but also improves N fixation in saline‒alkali soil. However, it did not result in further improvement in alfalfa quality at the early flowering stage. The findings provides valuable guidance for N fertilizer application in alfalfa production on saline‒alkali soils. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c0535cd0853144ffa7daa71e624d42b42025-01-18T15:05:15ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-01-0113e1879610.7717/peerj.18796Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soilWeifan Wan0Qian Liu1Ke Li2Kun Zhao3Fei Qi4Yuanshuo Li5Zhi Sun6Haigang Li7Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, ChinaBackground The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has received little attention due to the ability of this plant to fix N. However, N deficiency stress is often observed in marginal lands of China, especially in saline–alkali soils. Thus, this study aimed to assess the response of alfalfa yield, quality, N fixation, and soil N concentration to N fertilizer application at different stages in saline–alkali soil of Inner Mongolia. A 2-year (2020 and 2021) field experiment with five N fertilizer application rates, namely, 0 (N0), 20 (N20), 60 (N60), 120 (N120) and 180 (N180) kg N ha−1, was conducted in Inner Mongolia. Results The results showed that N fertilizer application of 180 kg ha−1 significantly increased the total alfalfa yield by 29%–32% by improving the stem‒leaf ratio; however, it didn’t lead to a further increase in alfalfa quality. N fertilizer applications of 60 and 120 kg ha−1 significantly improved the crude protein by 10.6%–22.7% and reduced the acid or neutral detergent fiber by 10.0%–18.7% in vegetative and bud stages, respectively, by improving the leaf N concentration. Furthermore, the fraction of N derived from the atmosphere reached 68.6%, with a significant increase in the corresponding amount of N fixed in N60. Soil NO3−-N concentrations significantly increased by 24.1%–33.3%, and NH4+-N concentrations increased by 1 to 3 times when N fertilizer application exceeded 120 kg N ha−1 compared with that in N0. Conclusions Overall, this study revealed the essential role of N fertilizer application at low rates in alfalfa production, as this practice not only increases alfalfa yield but also improves N fixation in saline‒alkali soil. However, it did not result in further improvement in alfalfa quality at the early flowering stage. The findings provides valuable guidance for N fertilizer application in alfalfa production on saline‒alkali soils.https://peerj.com/articles/18796.pdfN fertilizerAlfalfa qualityAlfalfa biomassN uptakeSoil NSaline–alkali soil |
| spellingShingle | Weifan Wan Qian Liu Ke Li Kun Zhao Fei Qi Yuanshuo Li Zhi Sun Haigang Li Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soil PeerJ N fertilizer Alfalfa quality Alfalfa biomass N uptake Soil N Saline–alkali soil |
| title | Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soil |
| title_full | Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soil |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soil |
| title_short | Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soil |
| title_sort | nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass quality and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa medicago sativa l at different growth stages in a saline alkali soil |
| topic | N fertilizer Alfalfa quality Alfalfa biomass N uptake Soil N Saline–alkali soil |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/18796.pdf |
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