An Efficient SM9 Aggregate Signature Scheme for IoV Based on FPGA
With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the demand for secure and efficient signature verification is becoming increasingly urgent. To meet this need, we propose an efficient SM9 aggregate signature scheme implemented on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The scheme includes...
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MDPI AG
2024-09-01
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| author | Bolin Zhang Bin Li Jiaxin Zhang Yuanxin Wei Yunfei Yan Heru Han Qinglei Zhou |
| author_facet | Bolin Zhang Bin Li Jiaxin Zhang Yuanxin Wei Yunfei Yan Heru Han Qinglei Zhou |
| author_sort | Bolin Zhang |
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| description | With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the demand for secure and efficient signature verification is becoming increasingly urgent. To meet this need, we propose an efficient SM9 aggregate signature scheme implemented on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The scheme includes both fault-tolerant and non-fault-tolerant aggregate signature modes, which are designed to address challenges in various network environments. We provide security proofs for these two signature verification modes based on a K-ary Computational Additive Diffie–Hellman (K-CAA) difficult problem. To handle the numerous parallelizable elliptic curve point multiplication operations required during verification, we utilize FPGA’s parallel processing capabilities to design an efficient parallel point multiplication architecture. By the Montgomery point multiplication algorithm and the Barrett modular reduction algorithm, we optimize the single-point multiplication computation unit, achieving a point multiplication speed of 70776 times per second. Finally, the overall scheme was simulated and analyzed on an FPGA platform. The experimental results and analysis indicate that under error-free conditions, the proposed non-fault-tolerant aggregate mode reduces the verification time by up to 97.1% compared to other schemes. In fault-tolerant conditions, the proposed fault-tolerant aggregate mode reduces the verification time by up to 77.2% compared to other schemes. When compared to other fault-tolerant aggregate schemes, its verification time is only 28.9% of their consumption, and even in the non-fault-tolerant aggregate mode, the verification time is reduced by at least 39.1%. Therefore, the proposed scheme demonstrates significant advantages in both error-free and fault-tolerant scenarios. |
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| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bfab0af76a594de28c6fa0f4a2e3acd72025-08-20T01:55:51ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-09-012418601110.3390/s24186011An Efficient SM9 Aggregate Signature Scheme for IoV Based on FPGABolin Zhang0Bin Li1Jiaxin Zhang2Yuanxin Wei3Yunfei Yan4Heru Han5Qinglei Zhou6School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaWith the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the demand for secure and efficient signature verification is becoming increasingly urgent. To meet this need, we propose an efficient SM9 aggregate signature scheme implemented on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The scheme includes both fault-tolerant and non-fault-tolerant aggregate signature modes, which are designed to address challenges in various network environments. We provide security proofs for these two signature verification modes based on a K-ary Computational Additive Diffie–Hellman (K-CAA) difficult problem. To handle the numerous parallelizable elliptic curve point multiplication operations required during verification, we utilize FPGA’s parallel processing capabilities to design an efficient parallel point multiplication architecture. By the Montgomery point multiplication algorithm and the Barrett modular reduction algorithm, we optimize the single-point multiplication computation unit, achieving a point multiplication speed of 70776 times per second. Finally, the overall scheme was simulated and analyzed on an FPGA platform. The experimental results and analysis indicate that under error-free conditions, the proposed non-fault-tolerant aggregate mode reduces the verification time by up to 97.1% compared to other schemes. In fault-tolerant conditions, the proposed fault-tolerant aggregate mode reduces the verification time by up to 77.2% compared to other schemes. When compared to other fault-tolerant aggregate schemes, its verification time is only 28.9% of their consumption, and even in the non-fault-tolerant aggregate mode, the verification time is reduced by at least 39.1%. Therefore, the proposed scheme demonstrates significant advantages in both error-free and fault-tolerant scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6011SM9FPGAfault-tolerantaggregate signatureInternet of Vehicles |
| spellingShingle | Bolin Zhang Bin Li Jiaxin Zhang Yuanxin Wei Yunfei Yan Heru Han Qinglei Zhou An Efficient SM9 Aggregate Signature Scheme for IoV Based on FPGA Sensors SM9 FPGA fault-tolerant aggregate signature Internet of Vehicles |
| title | An Efficient SM9 Aggregate Signature Scheme for IoV Based on FPGA |
| title_full | An Efficient SM9 Aggregate Signature Scheme for IoV Based on FPGA |
| title_fullStr | An Efficient SM9 Aggregate Signature Scheme for IoV Based on FPGA |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Efficient SM9 Aggregate Signature Scheme for IoV Based on FPGA |
| title_short | An Efficient SM9 Aggregate Signature Scheme for IoV Based on FPGA |
| title_sort | efficient sm9 aggregate signature scheme for iov based on fpga |
| topic | SM9 FPGA fault-tolerant aggregate signature Internet of Vehicles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6011 |
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