Fault geometry and rupture speed as controls on off-fault deformation in the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquakes

Abstract Coseismic off-fault deformation (OFD) measurements provide crucial insight into fault deformation behavior and shallow faulting damage. Although kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the causative faults associated with the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake doublet (Mw 7.8 and 7.6) were well...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xi Xi, Chenglong Li, Tao Li, Zhanyu Wei, Zhangfeng Ma, Guohong Zhang, Chunyan Qu, Honglin He, Xinjian Shan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02089-4
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Summary:Abstract Coseismic off-fault deformation (OFD) measurements provide crucial insight into fault deformation behavior and shallow faulting damage. Although kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the causative faults associated with the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake doublet (Mw 7.8 and 7.6) were well determined, the OFD behavior and mechanism remain poorly constrained. Here we utilized high-resolution optical satellite geodesy to illuminate OFD distribution of the earthquake doublet. We found an average of ~80% and ~83% of coseismic fault deformation were localized on the primary fault planes of the Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6 earthquakes, respectively; together, the remaining deformation manifested as OFD distributed within an average of 200-m- and 140-m-wide damage zones. Our observations revealed the OFD systematically increases in fault segments that have more complex geometry and slower coseismic rupture velocity, validating that both factors exhibit a significant facilitation on first-order variation of OFD during the earthquake doublet.
ISSN:2662-4435