The Use of AI in Mental Health Services to Support Decision-Making: Scoping Review
BackgroundRecent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have changed the care processes in mental health, particularly in decision-making support for health care professionals and individuals with mental health problems. AI systems provide support in several domains of...
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JMIR Publications
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Medical Internet Research |
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| author | Hassan Auf Petra Svedberg Jens Nygren Monika Nair Lina E Lundgren |
| author_facet | Hassan Auf Petra Svedberg Jens Nygren Monika Nair Lina E Lundgren |
| author_sort | Hassan Auf |
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BackgroundRecent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have changed the care processes in mental health, particularly in decision-making support for health care professionals and individuals with mental health problems. AI systems provide support in several domains of mental health, including early detection, diagnostics, treatment, and self-care. The use of AI systems in care flows faces several challenges in relation to decision-making support, stemming from technology, end-user, and organizational perspectives with the AI disruption of care processes.
ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the use of AI systems in mental health to support decision-making, focusing on 3 key areas: the characteristics of research on AI systems in mental health; the current applications, decisions, end users, and user flow of AI systems to support decision-making; and the evaluation of AI systems for the implementation of decision-making support, including elements influencing the long-term use.
MethodsA scoping review of empirical evidence was conducted across 5 databases: PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL. The searches were restricted to peer-reviewed articles published in English after 2011. The initial screening at the title and abstract level was conducted by 2 reviewers, followed by full-text screening based on the inclusion criteria. Data were then charted and prepared for data analysis.
ResultsOf a total of 1217 articles, 12 (0.99%) met the inclusion criteria. These studies predominantly originated from high-income countries. The AI systems were used in health care, self-care, and hybrid care contexts, addressing a variety of mental health problems. Three types of AI systems were identified in terms of decision-making support: diagnostic and predictive AI, treatment selection AI, and self-help AI. The dynamics of the type of end-user interaction and system design were diverse in complexity for the integration and use of the AI systems to support decision-making in care processes. The evaluation of the use of AI systems highlighted several challenges impacting the implementation and functionality of the AI systems in care processes, including factors affecting accuracy, increase of demand, trustworthiness, patient-physician communication, and engagement with the AI systems.
ConclusionsThe design, development, and implementation of AI systems to support decision-making present substantial challenges for the sustainable use of this technology in care processes. The empirical evidence shows that the evaluation of the use of AI systems in mental health is still in its early stages, with need for more empirically focused research on real-world use. The key aspects requiring further investigation include the evaluation of the use of AI-supported decision-making from human-AI interaction and human-computer interaction perspectives, longitudinal implementation studies of AI systems in mental health to assess the use, and the integration of shared decision-making in AI systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-befbc257a77b4ca78eea229b27242607 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1438-8871 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Medical Internet Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-befbc257a77b4ca78eea229b272426072025-01-24T21:31:59ZengJMIR PublicationsJournal of Medical Internet Research1438-88712025-01-0127e6354810.2196/63548The Use of AI in Mental Health Services to Support Decision-Making: Scoping ReviewHassan Aufhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5040-7242Petra Svedberghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4438-6673Jens Nygrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-2393Monika Nairhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-0954Lina E Lundgrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-3040 BackgroundRecent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have changed the care processes in mental health, particularly in decision-making support for health care professionals and individuals with mental health problems. AI systems provide support in several domains of mental health, including early detection, diagnostics, treatment, and self-care. The use of AI systems in care flows faces several challenges in relation to decision-making support, stemming from technology, end-user, and organizational perspectives with the AI disruption of care processes. ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the use of AI systems in mental health to support decision-making, focusing on 3 key areas: the characteristics of research on AI systems in mental health; the current applications, decisions, end users, and user flow of AI systems to support decision-making; and the evaluation of AI systems for the implementation of decision-making support, including elements influencing the long-term use. MethodsA scoping review of empirical evidence was conducted across 5 databases: PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL. The searches were restricted to peer-reviewed articles published in English after 2011. The initial screening at the title and abstract level was conducted by 2 reviewers, followed by full-text screening based on the inclusion criteria. Data were then charted and prepared for data analysis. ResultsOf a total of 1217 articles, 12 (0.99%) met the inclusion criteria. These studies predominantly originated from high-income countries. The AI systems were used in health care, self-care, and hybrid care contexts, addressing a variety of mental health problems. Three types of AI systems were identified in terms of decision-making support: diagnostic and predictive AI, treatment selection AI, and self-help AI. The dynamics of the type of end-user interaction and system design were diverse in complexity for the integration and use of the AI systems to support decision-making in care processes. The evaluation of the use of AI systems highlighted several challenges impacting the implementation and functionality of the AI systems in care processes, including factors affecting accuracy, increase of demand, trustworthiness, patient-physician communication, and engagement with the AI systems. ConclusionsThe design, development, and implementation of AI systems to support decision-making present substantial challenges for the sustainable use of this technology in care processes. The empirical evidence shows that the evaluation of the use of AI systems in mental health is still in its early stages, with need for more empirically focused research on real-world use. The key aspects requiring further investigation include the evaluation of the use of AI-supported decision-making from human-AI interaction and human-computer interaction perspectives, longitudinal implementation studies of AI systems in mental health to assess the use, and the integration of shared decision-making in AI systems.https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e63548 |
| spellingShingle | Hassan Auf Petra Svedberg Jens Nygren Monika Nair Lina E Lundgren The Use of AI in Mental Health Services to Support Decision-Making: Scoping Review Journal of Medical Internet Research |
| title | The Use of AI in Mental Health Services to Support Decision-Making: Scoping Review |
| title_full | The Use of AI in Mental Health Services to Support Decision-Making: Scoping Review |
| title_fullStr | The Use of AI in Mental Health Services to Support Decision-Making: Scoping Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Use of AI in Mental Health Services to Support Decision-Making: Scoping Review |
| title_short | The Use of AI in Mental Health Services to Support Decision-Making: Scoping Review |
| title_sort | use of ai in mental health services to support decision making scoping review |
| url | https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e63548 |
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