A glimpse into the biogeography, seasonality, and ecological functions of arctic marine Oomycota
Abstract High-latitude environments are warming, leading to changes in biological diversity patterns of taxa. Oomycota are a group of fungal-like organisms that comprise a major clade of eukaryotic life and are parasites of fish, agricultural crops, and algae. The diversity, functionality, and distr...
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BMC
2019-06-01
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| Series: | IMA Fungus |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43008-019-0006-6 |
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| author | Brandon T. Hassett Marco Thines Anthony Buaya Sebastian Ploch R. Gradinger |
| author_facet | Brandon T. Hassett Marco Thines Anthony Buaya Sebastian Ploch R. Gradinger |
| author_sort | Brandon T. Hassett |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract High-latitude environments are warming, leading to changes in biological diversity patterns of taxa. Oomycota are a group of fungal-like organisms that comprise a major clade of eukaryotic life and are parasites of fish, agricultural crops, and algae. The diversity, functionality, and distribution of these organisms are essentially unknown in the Arctic marine environment. Thus, it was our aim to conduct a first screening, using a functional gene assay and high-throughput sequencing of two gene regions within the 18S rRNA locus to examine the diversity, richness, and phylogeny of marine Oomycota within Arctic sediment, seawater, and sea ice. We detected Oomycota at every site sampled and identified regionally localized taxa, as well as taxa that existed in both Alaska and Svalbard. While the recently described diatom parasite Miracula helgolandica made up about 50% of the oomycete reads found, many lineages were observed that could not be assigned to known species, including several that clustered with another recently described diatom parasite, Olpidiopsis drebesii. Across the Arctic, Oomycota comprised a maximum of 6% of the entire eukaryotic microbial community in Barrow, Alaska May sediment and 10% in sea ice near the Svalbard archipelago. We found Arctic marine Oomycota encode numerous genes involved in parasitism and carbon cycling processes. Ultimately, these data suggest that Arctic marine Oomycota are a reservoir of uncharacterized biodiversity, the majority of which are probably parasites of diatoms, while others might cryptically cycle carbon or interface other unknown ecological processes. As the Arctic continues to warm, lower-latitude Oomycota might migrate into the Arctic Ocean and parasitize non-coevolved hosts, leading to incalculable shifts in the primary producer community. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bef7c0bfc35c447b956351d8ccde473f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2210-6359 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | IMA Fungus |
| spelling | doaj-art-bef7c0bfc35c447b956351d8ccde473f2025-02-02T06:28:25ZengBMCIMA Fungus2210-63592019-06-0110111010.1186/s43008-019-0006-6A glimpse into the biogeography, seasonality, and ecological functions of arctic marine OomycotaBrandon T. Hassett0Marco Thines1Anthony Buaya2Sebastian Ploch3R. Gradinger4UiT-Norges arktiske universitet, BFE, NFH byggetSenckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreSenckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreSenckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreUiT-Norges arktiske universitet, BFE, NFH byggetAbstract High-latitude environments are warming, leading to changes in biological diversity patterns of taxa. Oomycota are a group of fungal-like organisms that comprise a major clade of eukaryotic life and are parasites of fish, agricultural crops, and algae. The diversity, functionality, and distribution of these organisms are essentially unknown in the Arctic marine environment. Thus, it was our aim to conduct a first screening, using a functional gene assay and high-throughput sequencing of two gene regions within the 18S rRNA locus to examine the diversity, richness, and phylogeny of marine Oomycota within Arctic sediment, seawater, and sea ice. We detected Oomycota at every site sampled and identified regionally localized taxa, as well as taxa that existed in both Alaska and Svalbard. While the recently described diatom parasite Miracula helgolandica made up about 50% of the oomycete reads found, many lineages were observed that could not be assigned to known species, including several that clustered with another recently described diatom parasite, Olpidiopsis drebesii. Across the Arctic, Oomycota comprised a maximum of 6% of the entire eukaryotic microbial community in Barrow, Alaska May sediment and 10% in sea ice near the Svalbard archipelago. We found Arctic marine Oomycota encode numerous genes involved in parasitism and carbon cycling processes. Ultimately, these data suggest that Arctic marine Oomycota are a reservoir of uncharacterized biodiversity, the majority of which are probably parasites of diatoms, while others might cryptically cycle carbon or interface other unknown ecological processes. As the Arctic continues to warm, lower-latitude Oomycota might migrate into the Arctic Ocean and parasitize non-coevolved hosts, leading to incalculable shifts in the primary producer community.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43008-019-0006-6Biodiversity18SDiatom parasitesGeoChipSea iceSediment |
| spellingShingle | Brandon T. Hassett Marco Thines Anthony Buaya Sebastian Ploch R. Gradinger A glimpse into the biogeography, seasonality, and ecological functions of arctic marine Oomycota IMA Fungus Biodiversity 18S Diatom parasites GeoChip Sea ice Sediment |
| title | A glimpse into the biogeography, seasonality, and ecological functions of arctic marine Oomycota |
| title_full | A glimpse into the biogeography, seasonality, and ecological functions of arctic marine Oomycota |
| title_fullStr | A glimpse into the biogeography, seasonality, and ecological functions of arctic marine Oomycota |
| title_full_unstemmed | A glimpse into the biogeography, seasonality, and ecological functions of arctic marine Oomycota |
| title_short | A glimpse into the biogeography, seasonality, and ecological functions of arctic marine Oomycota |
| title_sort | glimpse into the biogeography seasonality and ecological functions of arctic marine oomycota |
| topic | Biodiversity 18S Diatom parasites GeoChip Sea ice Sediment |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43008-019-0006-6 |
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