Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts

Polynitro energetic compounds are a class of oxidant-rich energetic materials, playing a significant role in the field of solid propellants. Generally, an increase in the number of nitro groups present in these compounds is associated with a decrease in thermal stability, while simultaneously result...

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Main Authors: Mei-Qi Xu, Wen-Shuai Dong, Zu-Jia Lu, Cong Li, Chao Zhang, Bin-Shan Zhao, Deng-Ke Li, Feng-Yuan Tian, Qi-Yao Yu, Jian-Guo Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2025-03-01
Series:Energetic Materials Frontiers
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647225000077
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author Mei-Qi Xu
Wen-Shuai Dong
Zu-Jia Lu
Cong Li
Chao Zhang
Bin-Shan Zhao
Deng-Ke Li
Feng-Yuan Tian
Qi-Yao Yu
Jian-Guo Zhang
author_facet Mei-Qi Xu
Wen-Shuai Dong
Zu-Jia Lu
Cong Li
Chao Zhang
Bin-Shan Zhao
Deng-Ke Li
Feng-Yuan Tian
Qi-Yao Yu
Jian-Guo Zhang
author_sort Mei-Qi Xu
collection DOAJ
description Polynitro energetic compounds are a class of oxidant-rich energetic materials, playing a significant role in the field of solid propellants. Generally, an increase in the number of nitro groups present in these compounds is associated with a decrease in thermal stability, while simultaneously resulting in an enhancement of mechanical sensitivity. The incorporation of nitrogen-containing organic bases in the synthesis of polynitro energetic ionic salts facilitates a more uniform distribution of charge and promotes the formation of both intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This strategy effectively enhances the thermal stability of HEDMs while decreasing their mechanical sensitivity. In this study, two polynitro nitrogen-containing organic salts based on the triazole framework, namely ammonium salt (4) and hydroxylamine salt (5), were designed and synthesized. Comprehensive characterization revealed that both 4 and 5 exhibited excellent detonation performance (D: 8220–8959 m⋅s−1), good thermal stability (Td: 154–175°C), and low mechanical sensitivity (IS: 30–32 J; FS: 240–288 N). Therefore, nitrogen-containing organic salts enhance the overall performance of polynitro energetic compounds, offering significant advantages in terms of safety and application potential.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
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series Energetic Materials Frontiers
spelling doaj-art-beebf337d7e04ddda112049f0b51b2a72025-08-20T02:26:40ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Energetic Materials Frontiers2666-64722025-03-0161596610.1016/j.enmf.2025.02.003Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic saltsMei-Qi Xu0Wen-Shuai Dong1Zu-Jia Lu2Cong Li3Chao Zhang4Bin-Shan Zhao5Deng-Ke Li6Feng-Yuan Tian7Qi-Yao Yu8Jian-Guo Zhang9State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaCorresponding author.; State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaCorresponding author.; State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaPolynitro energetic compounds are a class of oxidant-rich energetic materials, playing a significant role in the field of solid propellants. Generally, an increase in the number of nitro groups present in these compounds is associated with a decrease in thermal stability, while simultaneously resulting in an enhancement of mechanical sensitivity. The incorporation of nitrogen-containing organic bases in the synthesis of polynitro energetic ionic salts facilitates a more uniform distribution of charge and promotes the formation of both intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This strategy effectively enhances the thermal stability of HEDMs while decreasing their mechanical sensitivity. In this study, two polynitro nitrogen-containing organic salts based on the triazole framework, namely ammonium salt (4) and hydroxylamine salt (5), were designed and synthesized. Comprehensive characterization revealed that both 4 and 5 exhibited excellent detonation performance (D: 8220–8959 m⋅s−1), good thermal stability (Td: 154–175°C), and low mechanical sensitivity (IS: 30–32 J; FS: 240–288 N). Therefore, nitrogen-containing organic salts enhance the overall performance of polynitro energetic compounds, offering significant advantages in terms of safety and application potential.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647225000077Polynitro energetic compoundsThermal stabilityMechanical sensitivityNitrogen-containing organic salts
spellingShingle Mei-Qi Xu
Wen-Shuai Dong
Zu-Jia Lu
Cong Li
Chao Zhang
Bin-Shan Zhao
Deng-Ke Li
Feng-Yuan Tian
Qi-Yao Yu
Jian-Guo Zhang
Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts
Energetic Materials Frontiers
Polynitro energetic compounds
Thermal stability
Mechanical sensitivity
Nitrogen-containing organic salts
title Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts
title_full Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts
title_fullStr Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts
title_full_unstemmed Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts
title_short Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts
title_sort tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts
topic Polynitro energetic compounds
Thermal stability
Mechanical sensitivity
Nitrogen-containing organic salts
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647225000077
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