RETRACTED - Epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysis
Background In England in 2021, an estimated 274 000 people were homeless on a given night. It has long been recognised that physical and mental health of people who are homeless is poorer than for people who are housed. There are few peer-reviewed studies to inform health and social care for depres...
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Cambridge University Press
2024-05-01
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| Series: | BJPsych Open |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056472424000346/type/journal_article |
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| author | Sujit D. Rathod P. J. Annand Paniz Hosseini Andrew Guise Lucy Platt |
| author_facet | Sujit D. Rathod P. J. Annand Paniz Hosseini Andrew Guise Lucy Platt |
| author_sort | Sujit D. Rathod |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Background
In England in 2021, an estimated 274 000 people were homeless on a given night. It has long been recognised that physical and mental health of people who are homeless is poorer than for people who are housed. There are few peer-reviewed studies to inform health and social care for depression or anxiety among homeless adults in this setting.
Aims
To measure the symptoms of depression and anxiety among adults who are homeless and who have difficulty accessing healthcare, and to describe distribution of symptoms across sociodemographic, social vulnerability and health-related characteristics.
Method
We completed structured questionnaires with 311 adults who were homeless and who had difficulty accessing healthcare in London, UK, between August and December 2021. We measured anxiety and depression symptoms using the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) score. We compared median PHQ-4 scores across strata of the sociodemographic, social vulnerability and health-related characteristics, and tested for associations using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results
The median PHQ-4 score was 8 out of 12, and 40.2% had scores suggesting high clinical need. Although PHQ-4 scores were consistently high across a range of socioeconomic, social vulnerability and health-related characteristics, they were positively associated with: young age; food insecurity; recent and historic abuse; joint, bone or muscle problems; and frequency of marijuana use. The most common (60%) barrier to accessing healthcare related to transportation.
Conclusions
Adults who are homeless and have difficulty accessing healthcare have high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms. Our findings support consideration of population-level, multisectoral intervention.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-be896522b53e4315aeda2a8b8848401e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2056-4724 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BJPsych Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-be896522b53e4315aeda2a8b8848401e2025-08-20T02:12:33ZengCambridge University PressBJPsych Open2056-47242024-05-011010.1192/bjo.2024.34RETRACTED - Epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysisSujit D. Rathod0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-7724P. J. Annand1Paniz Hosseini2Andrew Guise3Lucy Platt4Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UKDepartment of Sociology, University of Surrey, UKDepartment of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UKDepartment of Population Health Sciences, King's College London, UKDepartment of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Background In England in 2021, an estimated 274 000 people were homeless on a given night. It has long been recognised that physical and mental health of people who are homeless is poorer than for people who are housed. There are few peer-reviewed studies to inform health and social care for depression or anxiety among homeless adults in this setting. Aims To measure the symptoms of depression and anxiety among adults who are homeless and who have difficulty accessing healthcare, and to describe distribution of symptoms across sociodemographic, social vulnerability and health-related characteristics. Method We completed structured questionnaires with 311 adults who were homeless and who had difficulty accessing healthcare in London, UK, between August and December 2021. We measured anxiety and depression symptoms using the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) score. We compared median PHQ-4 scores across strata of the sociodemographic, social vulnerability and health-related characteristics, and tested for associations using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results The median PHQ-4 score was 8 out of 12, and 40.2% had scores suggesting high clinical need. Although PHQ-4 scores were consistently high across a range of socioeconomic, social vulnerability and health-related characteristics, they were positively associated with: young age; food insecurity; recent and historic abuse; joint, bone or muscle problems; and frequency of marijuana use. The most common (60%) barrier to accessing healthcare related to transportation. Conclusions Adults who are homeless and have difficulty accessing healthcare have high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms. Our findings support consideration of population-level, multisectoral intervention. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056472424000346/type/journal_articleDepressive disordersanxiety or fear-related disordersepidemiologysocial deprivationpolypharmacy |
| spellingShingle | Sujit D. Rathod P. J. Annand Paniz Hosseini Andrew Guise Lucy Platt RETRACTED - Epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysis BJPsych Open Depressive disorders anxiety or fear-related disorders epidemiology social deprivation polypharmacy |
| title | RETRACTED - Epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysis |
| title_full | RETRACTED - Epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysis |
| title_fullStr | RETRACTED - Epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | RETRACTED - Epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysis |
| title_short | RETRACTED - Epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysis |
| title_sort | retracted epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in london uk descriptive cross sectional analysis |
| topic | Depressive disorders anxiety or fear-related disorders epidemiology social deprivation polypharmacy |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056472424000346/type/journal_article |
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