The effect of healthy eating index-2015 in the associations of biological aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an interaction and mediation analysis
Abstract Background The present study explored the association between biological aging (BA), healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population of the United States. Methods We used data from the NHANES database between 2017–2018 years to co...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00755-z |
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| author | Xiang Zhang Zhijie Ding Yong Yan Weiming Yang Xiaoming Ai Yongping Zhou |
| author_facet | Xiang Zhang Zhijie Ding Yong Yan Weiming Yang Xiaoming Ai Yongping Zhou |
| author_sort | Xiang Zhang |
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| description | Abstract Background The present study explored the association between biological aging (BA), healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population of the United States. Methods We used data from the NHANES database between 2017–2018 years to conduct the study. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analysis were performed to analyze the association of BA and HEI-2015 with prevalence of NAFLD and the mediation effect of HEI-2015 was also discussed. Additionally, generalized additive model was conducted to investigate the association of BA and HEI-2015 with ZJU index, BARD score, and NAFLD fibrosis score. Results There was a total of 2,421 individuals. RCS shown that BA was positively correlated with prevalence of NAFLD, while HEI-2015 was negative correlated with NAFLD risk. After adjusting for interfering factors, compared with the lowest quartiles of BA and HEI-2015, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for NAFLD across the quartiles were (1.24 (0.84, 1.84), 2.07 (1.15, 3.73) and 2.49 (1.16, 5.38)) and (0.89 (0.66, 1.18), 0.87 (0.65, 1.16) and 0.64 (0.46, 0.87)), respectively. The BA was linear positive with ZJU index, BARD score and NAFLD fibrosis score. However, the linear negative correlation existed between HEI-2015 and ZJU index, BARD score and NAFLD fibrosis score. Mediation analysis showed that the positive correlation between BA and NAFLD could be mediated and weakened by HEI-2015. Conclusions The prevalence of NAFLD gradually increases with BA, but this positive association can be weakened by the healthy diet. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-bd2d495a2c3b442382863a79cb6038742025-01-26T12:39:19ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-01-0144111210.1186/s41043-025-00755-zThe effect of healthy eating index-2015 in the associations of biological aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an interaction and mediation analysisXiang Zhang0Zhijie Ding1Yong Yan2Weiming Yang3Xiaoming Ai4Yongping Zhou5Department of General Surgery, Wuxi No.2 People’s HospitalDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityAbstract Background The present study explored the association between biological aging (BA), healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population of the United States. Methods We used data from the NHANES database between 2017–2018 years to conduct the study. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analysis were performed to analyze the association of BA and HEI-2015 with prevalence of NAFLD and the mediation effect of HEI-2015 was also discussed. Additionally, generalized additive model was conducted to investigate the association of BA and HEI-2015 with ZJU index, BARD score, and NAFLD fibrosis score. Results There was a total of 2,421 individuals. RCS shown that BA was positively correlated with prevalence of NAFLD, while HEI-2015 was negative correlated with NAFLD risk. After adjusting for interfering factors, compared with the lowest quartiles of BA and HEI-2015, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for NAFLD across the quartiles were (1.24 (0.84, 1.84), 2.07 (1.15, 3.73) and 2.49 (1.16, 5.38)) and (0.89 (0.66, 1.18), 0.87 (0.65, 1.16) and 0.64 (0.46, 0.87)), respectively. The BA was linear positive with ZJU index, BARD score and NAFLD fibrosis score. However, the linear negative correlation existed between HEI-2015 and ZJU index, BARD score and NAFLD fibrosis score. Mediation analysis showed that the positive correlation between BA and NAFLD could be mediated and weakened by HEI-2015. Conclusions The prevalence of NAFLD gradually increases with BA, but this positive association can be weakened by the healthy diet.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00755-zBiological agingHealthy eating index-2015Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseUnited States |
| spellingShingle | Xiang Zhang Zhijie Ding Yong Yan Weiming Yang Xiaoming Ai Yongping Zhou The effect of healthy eating index-2015 in the associations of biological aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an interaction and mediation analysis Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Biological aging Healthy eating index-2015 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease United States |
| title | The effect of healthy eating index-2015 in the associations of biological aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an interaction and mediation analysis |
| title_full | The effect of healthy eating index-2015 in the associations of biological aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an interaction and mediation analysis |
| title_fullStr | The effect of healthy eating index-2015 in the associations of biological aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an interaction and mediation analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of healthy eating index-2015 in the associations of biological aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an interaction and mediation analysis |
| title_short | The effect of healthy eating index-2015 in the associations of biological aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an interaction and mediation analysis |
| title_sort | effect of healthy eating index 2015 in the associations of biological aging and non alcoholic fatty liver disease an interaction and mediation analysis |
| topic | Biological aging Healthy eating index-2015 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease United States |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00755-z |
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