Optimizing downlink of CR-NOMA resource allocation: A fairness index approach to balancing system performance and energy efficiency

This study addresses the challenge of optimizing resource allocation in downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) systems within small-cell networks, focusing on balancing user fairness, energy efficiency, and system performance. Conventional methods often result in unequal resource distributio...

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Main Authors: Nahla Nur Elmadina, Rashid A. Saeed, Elmustafa Sayed Ali, Elsadig Saeid, Rania A. Mokhtar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific African
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625002224
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author Nahla Nur Elmadina
Rashid A. Saeed
Elmustafa Sayed Ali
Elsadig Saeid
Rania A. Mokhtar
author_facet Nahla Nur Elmadina
Rashid A. Saeed
Elmustafa Sayed Ali
Elsadig Saeid
Rania A. Mokhtar
author_sort Nahla Nur Elmadina
collection DOAJ
description This study addresses the challenge of optimizing resource allocation in downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) systems within small-cell networks, focusing on balancing user fairness, energy efficiency, and system performance. Conventional methods often result in unequal resource distribution, causing disparities in user data rates and inefficient energy use. To address these limitations, we propose the Fairness Index Average Rate (FIAR) algorithm, an iterative power allocation technique that maximizes network sum rate while meeting minimum user Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) constraints. By incorporating a fairness index, FIAR ensures equitable data rate distribution, mitigating resource allocation disparities. Simulations demonstrate that FIAR improves energy efficiency by up to 8 % compared to state-of-the-art techniques, highlighting its ability to enhance fairness and system performance. The algorithm dynamically adapts to varying user loads and channel conditions, ensuring robust operation in heterogeneous environments. This work underscores NOMA's potential for sustainable and fair resource distribution, paving the way for efficient wireless networks. FIAR represents a significant advancement in next-generation communication systems, offering a practical solution to fairness and energy efficiency challenges in densely populated small-cell networks
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institution Kabale University
issn 2468-2276
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Scientific African
spelling doaj-art-bcf9b595fd1946248a2fa8a7e3dfd8eb2025-08-20T03:47:32ZengElsevierScientific African2468-22762025-06-0128e0275410.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02754Optimizing downlink of CR-NOMA resource allocation: A fairness index approach to balancing system performance and energy efficiencyNahla Nur Elmadina0Rashid A. Saeed1Elmustafa Sayed Ali2Elsadig Saeid3Rania A. Mokhtar4Department of electrical engineering, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, SudanDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), Khartoum 11111, SudanDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), Khartoum 11111, Sudan; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Red Sea University (RSU), Portsudan, Sudan; Corresponding author at: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Red Sea University (RSU), Portsudan, Sudan.Department of electrical engineering, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, SudanDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), Khartoum 11111, SudanThis study addresses the challenge of optimizing resource allocation in downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) systems within small-cell networks, focusing on balancing user fairness, energy efficiency, and system performance. Conventional methods often result in unequal resource distribution, causing disparities in user data rates and inefficient energy use. To address these limitations, we propose the Fairness Index Average Rate (FIAR) algorithm, an iterative power allocation technique that maximizes network sum rate while meeting minimum user Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) constraints. By incorporating a fairness index, FIAR ensures equitable data rate distribution, mitigating resource allocation disparities. Simulations demonstrate that FIAR improves energy efficiency by up to 8 % compared to state-of-the-art techniques, highlighting its ability to enhance fairness and system performance. The algorithm dynamically adapts to varying user loads and channel conditions, ensuring robust operation in heterogeneous environments. This work underscores NOMA's potential for sustainable and fair resource distribution, paving the way for efficient wireless networks. FIAR represents a significant advancement in next-generation communication systems, offering a practical solution to fairness and energy efficiency challenges in densely populated small-cell networkshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625002224Energy efficiency (EE)Fairness indexRate variationCR-NOMAResource allocation
spellingShingle Nahla Nur Elmadina
Rashid A. Saeed
Elmustafa Sayed Ali
Elsadig Saeid
Rania A. Mokhtar
Optimizing downlink of CR-NOMA resource allocation: A fairness index approach to balancing system performance and energy efficiency
Scientific African
Energy efficiency (EE)
Fairness index
Rate variation
CR-NOMA
Resource allocation
title Optimizing downlink of CR-NOMA resource allocation: A fairness index approach to balancing system performance and energy efficiency
title_full Optimizing downlink of CR-NOMA resource allocation: A fairness index approach to balancing system performance and energy efficiency
title_fullStr Optimizing downlink of CR-NOMA resource allocation: A fairness index approach to balancing system performance and energy efficiency
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing downlink of CR-NOMA resource allocation: A fairness index approach to balancing system performance and energy efficiency
title_short Optimizing downlink of CR-NOMA resource allocation: A fairness index approach to balancing system performance and energy efficiency
title_sort optimizing downlink of cr noma resource allocation a fairness index approach to balancing system performance and energy efficiency
topic Energy efficiency (EE)
Fairness index
Rate variation
CR-NOMA
Resource allocation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625002224
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