Family History of Hypertension Predicts Thyroid Cancer Risk in Women: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study With Integrative Machine Learning and Genomic Analyses

ABSTRACT Introduction Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies globally, with a markedly higher incidence in women. Although pregnancy‐induced hypertension is recognized as a risk factor, the underlying mechanisms linking hypertension and thyroid cancer remain poorly understoo...

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Main Authors: Zijin Wang, Yanhui Lin, Fanke Meng, Yuxin Sun, Ziran Zhang, Tong Wu, Min Fu, Fanye Wu, Zhengran Li, Zejun Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Cancer Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71031
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author Zijin Wang
Yanhui Lin
Fanke Meng
Yuxin Sun
Ziran Zhang
Tong Wu
Min Fu
Fanye Wu
Zhengran Li
Zejun Chen
author_facet Zijin Wang
Yanhui Lin
Fanke Meng
Yuxin Sun
Ziran Zhang
Tong Wu
Min Fu
Fanye Wu
Zhengran Li
Zejun Chen
author_sort Zijin Wang
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Introduction Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies globally, with a markedly higher incidence in women. Although pregnancy‐induced hypertension is recognized as a risk factor, the underlying mechanisms linking hypertension and thyroid cancer remain poorly understood. This study explores the gender‐specific associations between family history of hypertension and thyroid cancer, integrating clinical characteristics with genetic insights. Methods In this large‐scale cross‐sectional study conducted in China, clinical and lifestyle data were collected from 52,963 participants, including 296 thyroid cancer cases. An interpretable ensemble machine learning model was constructed to evaluate risk factors, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Additionally, the Cox proportional hazards model was applied to identify significant hypertension‐related genes, and Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to compare overall survival, clinical stages, and immune cell infiltration between high‐ and low‐risk groups. Results Our analysis revealed that individuals with a family history of hypertension exhibited a significantly altered rate of thyroid cancer (p < 0.001). In particular, among women, a positive family history increased thyroid cancer risk (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09–2.14, p = 0.04) and emerged as a key predictor in the machine learning model. Genetic analyses identified overlapping genes—most notably FOXD3, F10, and SLC12A5—whose aberrant expression was associated with poorer five‐year survival and distinct immune cell profiles. Conclusions Our study provides novel clinical and genetic evidence that family history of hypertension is significantly associated with thyroid cancer in women. Integrating hypertension‐related screening with genetic profiling may enhance risk stratification and aid in the development of personalized management strategies to reduce overtreatment.
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spelling doaj-art-bcac350d8e014766a58668636484b39a2025-08-20T03:43:37ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342025-08-011415n/an/a10.1002/cam4.71031Family History of Hypertension Predicts Thyroid Cancer Risk in Women: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study With Integrative Machine Learning and Genomic AnalysesZijin Wang0Yanhui Lin1Fanke Meng2Yuxin Sun3Ziran Zhang4Tong Wu5Min Fu6Fanye Wu7Zhengran Li8Zejun Chen9The Second Clinical Medicine School Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaHealth Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha ChinaEmergency Department Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaThe Second Clinical Medicine School Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaThe Second Clinical Medicine School Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaThe First Clinical Medicine School Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaThe Second Clinical Medicine School Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaThe Second Clinical Medicine School Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaThe Second Clinical Medicine School Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaABSTRACT Introduction Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies globally, with a markedly higher incidence in women. Although pregnancy‐induced hypertension is recognized as a risk factor, the underlying mechanisms linking hypertension and thyroid cancer remain poorly understood. This study explores the gender‐specific associations between family history of hypertension and thyroid cancer, integrating clinical characteristics with genetic insights. Methods In this large‐scale cross‐sectional study conducted in China, clinical and lifestyle data were collected from 52,963 participants, including 296 thyroid cancer cases. An interpretable ensemble machine learning model was constructed to evaluate risk factors, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Additionally, the Cox proportional hazards model was applied to identify significant hypertension‐related genes, and Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to compare overall survival, clinical stages, and immune cell infiltration between high‐ and low‐risk groups. Results Our analysis revealed that individuals with a family history of hypertension exhibited a significantly altered rate of thyroid cancer (p < 0.001). In particular, among women, a positive family history increased thyroid cancer risk (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09–2.14, p = 0.04) and emerged as a key predictor in the machine learning model. Genetic analyses identified overlapping genes—most notably FOXD3, F10, and SLC12A5—whose aberrant expression was associated with poorer five‐year survival and distinct immune cell profiles. Conclusions Our study provides novel clinical and genetic evidence that family history of hypertension is significantly associated with thyroid cancer in women. Integrating hypertension‐related screening with genetic profiling may enhance risk stratification and aid in the development of personalized management strategies to reduce overtreatment.https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71031biomarkersepidemiologygenomicsrisk modelTCGAthyroid cancer
spellingShingle Zijin Wang
Yanhui Lin
Fanke Meng
Yuxin Sun
Ziran Zhang
Tong Wu
Min Fu
Fanye Wu
Zhengran Li
Zejun Chen
Family History of Hypertension Predicts Thyroid Cancer Risk in Women: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study With Integrative Machine Learning and Genomic Analyses
Cancer Medicine
biomarkers
epidemiology
genomics
risk model
TCGA
thyroid cancer
title Family History of Hypertension Predicts Thyroid Cancer Risk in Women: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study With Integrative Machine Learning and Genomic Analyses
title_full Family History of Hypertension Predicts Thyroid Cancer Risk in Women: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study With Integrative Machine Learning and Genomic Analyses
title_fullStr Family History of Hypertension Predicts Thyroid Cancer Risk in Women: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study With Integrative Machine Learning and Genomic Analyses
title_full_unstemmed Family History of Hypertension Predicts Thyroid Cancer Risk in Women: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study With Integrative Machine Learning and Genomic Analyses
title_short Family History of Hypertension Predicts Thyroid Cancer Risk in Women: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study With Integrative Machine Learning and Genomic Analyses
title_sort family history of hypertension predicts thyroid cancer risk in women a population based cross sectional study with integrative machine learning and genomic analyses
topic biomarkers
epidemiology
genomics
risk model
TCGA
thyroid cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71031
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