Population Dynamics of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. and Its Interactions with Environmental Factors in the Changbai Mountains
The growth and development of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. are affected by environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, soil type, and its crown density. In this study, its morphological attributes, physiological traits, and interactions with environmental factors were anal...
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2024-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| author | Lifei Chen Wei Liu Nan Jiang Yiting Xiao Yuze Shan Shizhuo Wang Sulei Wu Qi Wang Jiahui Yu Yuqing Zhang Xi Lu Hongyu Qiao |
| author_facet | Lifei Chen Wei Liu Nan Jiang Yiting Xiao Yuze Shan Shizhuo Wang Sulei Wu Qi Wang Jiahui Yu Yuqing Zhang Xi Lu Hongyu Qiao |
| author_sort | Lifei Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growth and development of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. are affected by environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, soil type, and its crown density. In this study, its morphological attributes, physiological traits, and interactions with environmental factors were analysed. The results indicate that the growth of <i>C. macranthos</i> was limited by elevated crown density, soil alkaline-hydrolysed nitrogen, and available soil potassium concentration. Moreover, the physiological attributes of <i>C. macranthos</i> were variably suppressed by high crown density and elevated soil alkaline-hydrolysed nitrogen concentration, whereas enhanced available soil potassium concentration promoted these physiological characteristics. At lower crown density, <i>C. macranthos</i> had greater photosynthetic capacity and higher δ<sup>13</sup>C, C, and N, which were more favourable for organic matter accumulation and plant growth and development. Conversely, at higher crown densities, plants relied more heavily on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient acquisition. In conclusion, crown density, soil alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen, and available soil potassium concentration were the main environmental factors influencing the morphological and functional form of <i>C. macranthos</i>. Optimal growth conditions were identified at a crown density of 0.5–0.7, soil alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen concentration of 155.06–246.98 mg/kg, and available potassium concentration of 432.53–502.87 mg/kg. The results of this study provide a theoretical understanding for developing conservation strategies for <i>C. macranthos</i> to ensure the stability of the wild population and the health of its habitats. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bc525ea3fbc746089dde802921926075 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-bc525ea3fbc746089dde8029219260752025-01-24T13:16:35ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-12-011516810.3390/agronomy15010068Population Dynamics of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. and Its Interactions with Environmental Factors in the Changbai MountainsLifei Chen0Wei Liu1Nan Jiang2Yiting Xiao3Yuze Shan4Shizhuo Wang5Sulei Wu6Qi Wang7Jiahui Yu8Yuqing Zhang9Xi Lu10Hongyu Qiao11College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, ChinaThe growth and development of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. are affected by environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, soil type, and its crown density. In this study, its morphological attributes, physiological traits, and interactions with environmental factors were analysed. The results indicate that the growth of <i>C. macranthos</i> was limited by elevated crown density, soil alkaline-hydrolysed nitrogen, and available soil potassium concentration. Moreover, the physiological attributes of <i>C. macranthos</i> were variably suppressed by high crown density and elevated soil alkaline-hydrolysed nitrogen concentration, whereas enhanced available soil potassium concentration promoted these physiological characteristics. At lower crown density, <i>C. macranthos</i> had greater photosynthetic capacity and higher δ<sup>13</sup>C, C, and N, which were more favourable for organic matter accumulation and plant growth and development. Conversely, at higher crown densities, plants relied more heavily on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient acquisition. In conclusion, crown density, soil alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen, and available soil potassium concentration were the main environmental factors influencing the morphological and functional form of <i>C. macranthos</i>. Optimal growth conditions were identified at a crown density of 0.5–0.7, soil alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen concentration of 155.06–246.98 mg/kg, and available potassium concentration of 432.53–502.87 mg/kg. The results of this study provide a theoretical understanding for developing conservation strategies for <i>C. macranthos</i> to ensure the stability of the wild population and the health of its habitats.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/68<i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw.morphological characteristicsphysiological characteristicsenvironmental factors |
| spellingShingle | Lifei Chen Wei Liu Nan Jiang Yiting Xiao Yuze Shan Shizhuo Wang Sulei Wu Qi Wang Jiahui Yu Yuqing Zhang Xi Lu Hongyu Qiao Population Dynamics of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. and Its Interactions with Environmental Factors in the Changbai Mountains Agronomy <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. morphological characteristics physiological characteristics environmental factors |
| title | Population Dynamics of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. and Its Interactions with Environmental Factors in the Changbai Mountains |
| title_full | Population Dynamics of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. and Its Interactions with Environmental Factors in the Changbai Mountains |
| title_fullStr | Population Dynamics of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. and Its Interactions with Environmental Factors in the Changbai Mountains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Population Dynamics of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. and Its Interactions with Environmental Factors in the Changbai Mountains |
| title_short | Population Dynamics of <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. and Its Interactions with Environmental Factors in the Changbai Mountains |
| title_sort | population dynamics of i cypripedium macranthos i sw and its interactions with environmental factors in the changbai mountains |
| topic | <i>Cypripedium macranthos</i> Sw. morphological characteristics physiological characteristics environmental factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/68 |
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